The subject of liability for damage to client caused during performance of social services in residential establishments becomes increasingly relevant. As opposed to the liability for damage caused during performance of health services, this subject is rather underappreciated by general members of the legal profession. For this reason RILSA produced a study „Legal aspects of liability for damage caused to a client while providing a social-health care in residential establishment for social services“ that aimed to find out the level of knowledge among the providers of residential social services in the area of liability for damage. To find out the level of legal knowledge of providers of residential social services, a question form was distributed randomly in the Czech Republic. We found out, that providers of residential social services know about the existence of liability for damage and that they are insured. But in the case of significant incurred damage or in the case of more damages within one year the insurance coverage limit might not be sufficient. However, the knowledge of legal terms of liability for damage eventually caused to their clients is limited and current way of obtaining the knowledge by individual study is insufficient., Daniela Bruthansová, Věra Jeřábková, and Literatura
Rozvoj paliatívnej starostlivosti v bývalom Československu je možné v modernej podobe sledovať až po roku 1989. Prvý hospic na území Českej republiky bol založený v roku 1995, na Slovensku až v roku 2002. Toto oneskorenie vývoja, spôsobené historickými udalosťami, sa odráža aj v legislatíve upravujúcej danú problematiku. Medzinárodnoprávna úprava a ústavnoprávna úprava sú v obidvoch krajinách v zásade rovnaké. Ako Česká, tak aj Slovenská republika sa hlásia k ochrane ľudských práv a slobôd i k ochrane zdravia. K ochrane zdravia patrí okrem mnohých iných aspektov aj poskytovanie paliatívnej starostlivosti, pričom táto starostlivosť je mnohokrát vnímaná ako okrajová. Dopyt po nej však vzhľadom k demografii obidvoch štátov zrejme bude stúpať a preto je namieste zaoberať sa právnym stavom tejto reality. Paliatívna starostlivosť zasahuje do zdravotnej a sociálnej sféry spoločnosti, pričom ale spolupráca medzi týmito sektormi nie je ani zďaleka ideálna. Súčasná medzinárodnoprávna úprava je neefektívna, čo je spôsobené jej špecifickým charakterom, vnútroštátna úprava je roztrieštená, neprehľadná a neúplná, čo poskytuje priestor pre vznik problémov v každodennej praxi. Orientácia v predmetnej právnej úprave nie je jednoduchá ani pre odborníka. Vzhľadom na fakt, že väčšina zdravotníckych pracovníkov pôsobiacich v oblasti poskytovania paliatívnej starostlivosti, sú laici, je pre nich táto úloha takmer nemožná. Cieľom tohto článku je poskytnúť prehľad predmetnej právnej úpravy s niekoľkými poznámkami ohľadom právnej úpravy sledovanej problematiky v Nemecku a v Rakúsku., The development of palliative care in former Czechoslovakia can be noticed only after the year 1989. The first hospice in the territory of the Czech Republic was founded in 1995, in the Slovak Republic in 2002. This delay of development, caused by historical events, is also reflected in the legislation regulating the given area. Regulation on international and constitutional level in both countries is essentially the same. Both Czech and Slovak Republic declare their support of the protection of human rights and freedoms, as well as protection of health. However provision of palliative care, although a part of health protection, is in reality often perceived as marginal and therefore neglected. Demand for palliative care, especially due to the demographic perspectives of the two countries, will most probably rise, and therefore addressing the legal aspects of this fact is most definitely in place. Palliative care in general closely connects both health and social care sectors of a society, but the actual cooperation between these sectors in the Czech Republic and the Slovak Republic is far from ideal. The current international regulation is ineffective, which is caused mainly by its specific nature, while the national regulation is fragmented, confusing and incomplete. This fact allows for the emergence of problems in everyday practice. The orientation in the related regulation is not easy even for a legal professional. Considering the fact that the majority of health professionals working in the area of providing palliative care are laymen, their orientation therein is virtually impossible. The aim of this article is to provide a basic overview of the relevant legislation in the Czech Republic with a couple of remarks regarding the legal regulation in Germany and Austria., Veronika Oškerová, and Literatura
Automaty obsahující z hlediska zdravé výživy nevhodné potraviny a nápoje jsou dnes běžně umisťovány ve školách, nemocnicích a téměř ve všech veřejně přístupných budovách. Jsou typickými atributy celosvětově se rozmáhající fast-foodové kultury, která je jednou z příčin pandemie obezity, a to včetně alarmujícího nárůstu obezity u dětí. Automaty umisťované ve školách jsou v tomto kontextu velmi nebezpeč- né. Nejenomže posilují u dětí nesprávné výživově zvyklosti, ale také zásadně zpochybňuji důvěryhodnost výchovy ke zdraví. Z těchto důvodů v některých zemích dnes již existuje buď úplný zá- kaz automatů ve školách vůbec nebo je zavedena přísná regulace jejich obsahu. Článek podává stručný přehled o situaci ve vybraných zemích, a to s důrazem na země EU, včetně informace o vývoji a nejnovějších politických iniciativách v ČR., Vending machines containing inappropriate foods and beverages in terms of healthy eating are routinely placed in schools, hospitals and almost in all public buildings. They are typical attributes the growing and worldwide fast-food culture, which is one of the causes of obesity pandemic, including the alarming rise in obesity among children. In this context, vending machines placed in schools are very dangerous. Not only enhance children incorrect nutritional habits, but also fundamentally challenged the credibility of health education in schools. Therefore, in some countries today there is either a complete ban on sale „junge food“ and placement of vending machines in schools or there is a strict regulation of their content. The article gives a brief overview of situation in selected countries, with an emphasis on EU countries, including information on the latest developments and relevant policy initiatives in the Czech Republic., Helena Hnilicová, and Literatura