INTRODUCTION: Cellulitis remains a very serious disease even today. Mortality, which varied between 10-40%, has been reduced owing to the standard securing of airway patency and use of an appropriate surgical treatment approach. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 195 patients were hospitalised for cellulitis at the University Hospital in Hradec Králové during 2007-2011. The following parameters were evaluated: age, gender, dependence of incidence of the disease on the season of the year, frequency of attacks of the particular areas and their clinical characteristics, aetiology of the inflammation, types of patient complaints, prevalence of current systemic diseases, results of microbiological and selected laboratory analyses, socio-economic status of the patients, and duration of patient stay at the hospital. Statistical analysis was performed by using Pearson's correlation coefficient, the statistical significance level was p < 0.05. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 39.8 years. The group of 195 patients included 108 (55%) males and 87 (45%) females. The mean time between the first symptoms of the disease and admission to the Department was 5 days. From among the 195 patients, 116 (59.5%) were working persons, 79 (40.5%) were non-working (children, students, unemployed persons, women on maternity leave, retired people). The odontogenic origin of the disease was verified in 173 (88.7%) patients. In total, 65 (33.3%) patients had no coinciding complicating systemic disease, 22 (11.3%) patients had diabetes mellitus. The most frequent symptom of cellulitis was painful swelling, found in 194 (99.5%) patients, followed by jaw contracture, found in 153 (78.5%) patients. CONCLUSION: The results are largely very similar to those of previous studies performed in other countries, except that we found no correlation between the prevalence of cellulitis and the socio-economic status, nor have we confirmed Klebsiella pneumoniae sp. as the cause of cellulitis in patients with diabetes mellitus. and H. Doležalová, J. Zemek, L. Tuček
Cíl: Zjistit průměrnou incidenci infekční endokarditidy (IE) v okrese Tábor za sledované období a srovnat získané údaje s dříve publikovanou celorepublikovou studií. Metodika: Retrospektivní monocentrická observační studie sledující výskyt a charakteristiky infekční endokarditidy v definované spádové oblasti za roky 2009–2013. Zařazeni byli pouze pacienti s prokázanou a léčenou infekční endokarditidou a pacienti, u nichž byla diagnóza stanovena až pitvou. Výsledky: Ve sledovaném období bylo zachyceno celkem 39 případů infekční endokarditidy, což odpovídá průměrné incidenci 7,8 případů na 100 000 obyvatel ročně. Medián věku pacientů v době diagnózy byl 67 let. V souboru nemocných výrazně převažovali muži, kteří byli postiženi 3krát častěji než ženy. Přibližně stejně četně byla postižena mitrální (36 %) a aortální (33 %) chlopeň a elektroda kardiostimulačního systému (31 %). Ve srovnání s referenční prací bylo zachyceno více infekcí u pacientů s kardiostimulátory. Dvě třetiny infekcí byly způsobeny stafylokoky, což je proti pilotní studii výrazný nárůst. Naopak mortalita se podstatně neměnila. Závěr: Charakteristiky infekční endokarditidy se vyvíjejí, hospitalizační mortalita pacientů s IE je vysoká, kolem 30 %. Samo onemocnění IE je z hlediska roční úmrtnosti špatným prognostickým faktorem. Klíčová slova: incidence – infekční endokarditida, Aim: To find out an average incidence of infective endocarditis (IE) in Tabor district in a monitored period of time and compare the obtained data with previously published national study. Methods: Retrospective monocentric observational study monitoring occurence and characteristics of infective endocarditis in a defined region in years 2009–2013. Only patients with proved and treated infective endocarditis and patients whose diagnosis was revealed by autopsy were involved. Results: In the monitored time 39 cases of infective endocarditis occured, which means that the average incidence was 7.8 cases on 100 000 people per year. Median age in the time of diagnosis was 67. The group of patients was strongly dominated by men, who were affected three times more often than women. Almost the same rates of infective endocarditis were localized on mitral (36 %) and aortic (33 %) valve and electrode of a pacemaker (31 %). In comparison with the reference study there were more pacemaker-related infections detected. Two thirds of infections were caused by staphylococci. That means a prominent growth when compared to the pilot study. On the contrary, there was no significant change in mortality. Conclusion: Characteristic features of infective endocarditis are evolving, patients’ in-hospital mortality rate is high, about 30 %. The disease by itself is a poor prognostic factor in a one-year mortality rate. Key words: incidence infective – infective endocarditis, and Rudolf Koubek
Úvod: Nízkomolekulární inhibitory tyrozinkináz receptoru pro epidermální růstový faktor (EGFR) představují moderní, účinné preparáty užívané k léčbě pacientů s pokročilým nemalobuněčným karcinomem plic (NSCLC). Aktivační mutace genu EGFR predikují dobrý efekt léčby EGFR tyrozinkinázovými inhibitory. Cílem této studie bylo zmapování výskytu mutací genu EGFR u pacientů s NSCLC v České republice. Metodika: Celkem 486 pacientů s pokročilým stadiem NSCLC (stadium IIIB a IV) neskvamózního histologického typu bylo vyšetřeno na přítomnost mutace genu EGFR na třech pneumoonkologických pracovištích. Porovnání zastoupení EGFR mutace dle pohlaví, věku a kouření bylo provedeno pomocí Fisherova-exaktního testu. Výsledky: Mutace genu EGFR byla prokázána u 74 (15,2 %) pacientů. Mutace byly prokázány u 25 (8,8 %) mužů vs. u 49 (24,3 %) žen (p < 0,001), u 12 (6,7 %) kuřáků vs. u 20 (11,2 %) exkuřáků vs. u 38 (37,3 %) nekuřáků (p < 0,001) a u 32 (15,7 %) pacientů do 65 let věku vs. u 42 (14,9 %) pacientů nad 65 let věku (p = 0,898). Závěr: Mutace genu EGFR byly prokázány u 15,2 % vyšetřených pacientů, nejčastěji u žen a nekuřáků. Dosažené výsledky jsou dobře srovnatelné s doposud publikovanými daty., Introduction: Low-molecular-weight tyrosine kinase inhibitors for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) are modern, effective agents used to treat patients with advanced non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). Activating EGFR gene mutations predict a good effect of treatment with EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors. The goal of this study was to map the occurrence of EGFR gene mutations in patients with NSCLC in the Czech Republic. Methods: A total of 486 patients with advanced stage of NSCLC (stage IIIB and IV) of nonsquamous histological type were investigated for the presence of EGFR gene mutations at three pneumo-oncology centres. A comparison of distribution of the EGFR mutation according to sex, age, and smoking status was performed by means of Fisher's exact test. Results: EGFR gene mutation was demonstrated in 74 (15.2%) patients. Mutations were shown in 25 (8.8%) men vs. 49 (24.3%) women (p < 0.001), in 12 (6.7%) smokers vs. 20 (11.2%) ex-smokers vs. 38 (37.3%) non-smokers (p < 0.001), and in 32 (15.7%) patients under 65 years of age vs. 42 (14.9%) patients over 65 years of age (p = 0.898). Conclusion: EGFR gene mutations were shown in 15.2% of the patients examined, most commonly in female patients and non-smokers. The results obtained are well comparable with the data published to date., Ondřej Fiala, Monika Šatánková, Juraj Kultan, Miloš Pešek, Jana Skřičková, Vítězslav Kolek, Jindřich Fínek, Zuzana Zbožínková, Zbyněk Bortlíček, and Literatura