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22. Mlčení je forma komunikace: feministické debaty o politických aspektech psychologické praxe
- Creator:
- Kateřina Machovcová
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- feminismus, gender, psychologie, psychologické poradenství, feminism, psychology, psychological counseling, critical psychology, activism, 18, and 316.4/.7
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- The heated debate between feminism(s) and psychology(ies) about being political goes beyond the understanding of feminism as a dangerous ideology that needs to be divorced from the respect for approaches intrinsic to psychological practices. Political activism is frequently understood as a core feminist value, but different ethics can come into play in psychology and psychotherapy. Professionals engaged in critical and feminist approaches seek to combine being political while cherishing the autonomous decision-making of each and every client. However, we also encounter positions where individual work is rejected and only collective activism is to be pursued, or on the other hand, positions where activism beyond individual help is deemed unrealistic. In the following text different perspectives on feminist politics and psychology will be presented. For instance, critical psychology can serve as one of the platforms where feminisms and the critique of psychological theories can come together in claiming that neutrality is impossible. The theoretical part of the article is illustrated with examples, some of which were drawn from the empirical material collected for the author’s dissertation project ‘Gendering Psychological Counselling’., Kateřina Machovcová., Obsahuje bibliografii, and Anglické resumé
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
23. Myxobolus taibaiensis sp. n. (Myxozoa: Myxosporea) infecting the intestinal wall of common carp Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus in China
- Creator:
- Liu, Xinhua, Hua, Congjie, Zhang, Qianqian, Zhao, Yuanli, Zhang, Dong, and Zhang, Jinyong
- Format:
- print, počítač, and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- kaprovití, střeva, Cyprinidae, intestines, common carp, circular muscle layer, Yangtze River, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Myxobolus taibaiensis sp. n. was found in the inner intestinal wall of common carp, Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, during the investigation of fish parasite fauna in Lake Taibai, located in the middle reach of the Yangtze River, China. The whitish ellipsoidal plasmodia, up to 2.9 mm long and 1.7 mm wide, developed in the circular muscle layer of the intestinal wall and produced significant compression into adjacent tissues, but no significant inflammatory responses were observed against this infection. Mature spores are oval in frontal view and lemon-like in lateral and apical view, averaging 10.2-11.2 µm (10.8 ± 0.2 µm) in length, 9.1-9.9 µm (9.6 ± 0.2 µm) in width and 6.1-6.6 µm (6.3 ± 0.1 µm) in thickness. Polar capsules are pyriform, equal in size, slightly converging anteriorly, measuring 4.4-5.4 µm (5.0 ± 0.2 µm) in length by 3.2-3.6 µm (3.4 ± 0.1 µm) in width. Polar filaments coiled with four to five turns and arranged perpendicular to the polar capsule length, measuring up to 106 µm. Myxobolus taibaiensis sp. n. is morphologically similar to Myxobolus rotundatus Achmerov, 1956 which also infects the inner wall of the intestine of common carp. However, the small subunit ribosomal DNA sequence identity was only 94%, generally beyond the intraspecies variation in the genus. Phylogenetically, this new species is sister to M. rotundatus and then clusters with M. shantungensis Hu, 1965 to form an independent common carp-infecting cluster within the Henneguya-Myxobolus clade., Xinhua Liu, Congjie Hua, Qianqian Zhang, Yuanli Zhao, Dong Zhang, Jinyong Zhang., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
24. Native species Maxvachonia chabaudi Mawson, 1972 (Nematoda: Cosmocercoidea) found in the invasive marine toad Rhinella marina (Linnaeus) (Anura: Bufonidae) in Australia
- Creator:
- Ni, Xue-Feng, Barton, Diane P., Chen, Hui-Xia, and Li, Liang
- Format:
- počítač and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- parasite, nematode, Ascaridomorpha, Amphibia, Australian region, morphology, and taxonomy
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The genus Maxvachonia Chabaud et Brygoo, 1960 (Ascaridomorpha: Cosmocercidae) is a poorly known group of parasitic nematodes. Species of Maxvachonia are native to Madagascar-Australo-Papuan Region, where they are known to parasitise frogs, snakes and skinks. Unfortunately, most of Maxvachonia species have been inadequately described. In the present study, we report the native species Maxvachonia chabaudi Mawson, 1972 from the intestine of the invasive marine toad Rhinella marina (Linnaeus) in Australia for the first time. We speculate that the marine toads infected with M. chabaudi are likely related to their eating skinks or the similarity in diet/habitat/ecology between the toad and the skinks. The detailed morphology of M. chabaudi was studied using light microscopy and, for the first time, scanning electron microscopy, based on the newly collected specimens. Some characters important for the specific diagnosis of M. chabaudi are reported for the first time, including each lip with distinct inner flanges, the location of vulva varying from anterior to posterior of the oesophageal bulb and the presence of single medio-ventral precloacal papilla. An identification key to the species of Maxvachonia is provided.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
25. New finding of melanic three-spined sticklebacks Gasterosteus aculeatus in the Scottish Hebrides
- Creator:
- Smith, Carl, Zięba, Grzegorz, Spence, Rowena, and Przybylski, Mirosław
- Format:
- počítač and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- adaptive radiation, Gasterosteidae, intraspecific variation, machair, Pungitius pungitius, and speciation
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Colour traits can be elaborated through sexual selection and have potential to drive reproductive isolation. Male three-spined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus) express striking visual signals to attract choosy females during courtship, typically expressed as red carotenoid-based pigmentation on their throat and jaw during the breeding season, along with blue eyes and blue/green flanks. The extent and intensity of red colouration in males have been linked to fitness benefits to females, including body condition, parasite resistance, parental ability and nest defence. In some populations in the Pacific Northwest of North America, male three-spined sticklebacks express melanic nuptial colouration. In these populations, male possess black throats instead of red, and have dark or black bodies. Melanic males are associated with waterbodies that are red-shifted due to the presence of tannins, where the ambient light environment is dominated by long wavelengths. Here we report the first discovery outside North America of melanic populations of threespined sticklebacks on the island of North Uist in the Scottish Hebrides, on the northwest Atlantic coast of Europe. These populations are associated with a hotspot of stickleback morphological diversity and occur in association with red-shifted waterbodies.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
26. Preservation of macroparasite species via classic plastination: an evaluation
- Creator:
- Gonzálvez, Moisés, Ortiz, Juana, Navarro, María, and Latorre, Rafael
- Format:
- print, počítač, and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- parazitické organismy, sbírky, parasitic organisms, collections, silicone preservation, S10 technique, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Plastination is a preservation method for biological specimens, with important advantages over classic conservation techniques with formaldehyde or alcohol. Plastinated specimens are dry, odourless, and free of carcinogenic and toxic solutions. There are only few references about the plastination of parasites. Moreover, there is no information on the effect of plastination on the morphology and morphometry of these animals. The aim of this study was to define a plastination protocol to preserve various species of parasites, namely the nematodes Parascaris equorum (Goeze, 1782); Ascaris suum Goeze, 1782 and Dirofilaria immitis (Leidy, 1856); the acanthecephalan Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus (Pallas, 1781); the trematodes Fasciola hepatica Linnaeus, 1758 and Dicrocoelium dendriticum (Rudolphi, 1819) and the tapeworm Taenia sp. in the best morphological and morphometric conditions. Results showed that some individuals suffered collapse (P. equorum, A. suum, and D. dendriticum). However, other parasites presented good results with almost no change after plastination (D. immitis, M. hirudinaceus and F. hepatica). In conclusion, conventional plastination allowed anatomical preservation of all helminths tested, but modifications to the protocol are needed to prevent collapse., Moisés Gonzálvez, Juana Ortiz, María Navarro, Rafael Latorre., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
27. Prevalence and molecular subtyping of Blastocystis sp. in rabbits in Henan, Central China
- Creator:
- Su, Changwei, Mei, Xuefang, Feng, Xia, Zhang, Fuqiang, Wang, Pei, He, Bo, Xu, Fuyang, Yang, Zishan, Tian, Xiaowei, Zhang, Zhenchao, Li, Xiangrui, and Wang, Shuai
- Format:
- počítač and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Blastocystis sp., SSU rRNA, epidemiological characteristics, gene subtype, and rabbits
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Species of Blastocystis Alexieff, 1911 are anaerobic intestinal protists found in humans and many kinds of animals that mainly cause diarrhea, abdominal pain and other clinical symptoms. At present, data on the prevalence and subtype diversity of species of Blastocystis in domestic rabbits are very limited. The purpose of this study was to characterise the infection rate and gene subtype distribution of Blastocystis sp. in domestic rabbits in Henan Province, Central China, and provide foundation for prevention and control of the disease caused by Blastocystis sp. in domestic rabbits. DNA was extracted from 286 fresh rabbit faecal samples collected from four areas of Henan Province, Central China. All DNA samples were screened using PCR and positive samples were sequenced to identify individual subtypes based on the small ribosomal subunit (SSU rRNA) gene. The overall infection rate of Blastocystis sp. in domestic rabbits in Henan Province was 15% (43/286). Three subtypes were identified, including ST1 (26/43, 60%), ST3 (5/43, 12%) and ST7 (12/43, 28%), all of which belonged to potentially zoonotic subtypes, ST1 was the dominant gene subtype. These results showed that infection with Blastocystis sp. was common in domestic rabbits in Henan Province, Central China, and was represented by zoonotic subtypes. Therefore, special attention should be paid to reduce the risk of transmission of Blastocystis sp. from domestic rabbits to humans.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
28. Procesuálni gramatika v kontextu současných tendencí lingvistického myšlení
- Creator:
- Kořenský, Jan
- Format:
- Type:
- model:internalpart and TEXT
- Language:
- Czech and English
- Description:
- In spite of the complicated plurality of the present ways of thinking about speech and the prerequisites of speech, it is possible to say that the various ways of thinking could be placed somewhere between the end points the „absolute“ formalism and the „consistent“ functionalism with the distinct transitional zone in between. One can assume that the development tends from the formalism to the functionalism and this means the way of rising of the explanatory power of the theories. In order to make the process successful it is necessary to look for such formal means that are able to rationally express the knowledge of consistent functionalistic theories. If it were not for this fact, the way from the „absolute“ formalism to the „consistent“ functionalism would be the unwished way from the rationalism to non-rationalistic speculations, far away from the bounds of science. If we insisted on the petrification of the so far existed formalisms, in the name of the aimed grade of formalisation, it would mean to persist on the knowledge of speech on interest of the brilliant formal language exercises.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
29. Proper names in the perspective of the city as a text of culture
- Creator:
- Siwiec, Adam
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- linguistics, proper names, and Polish towns
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- L´article étudie les noms de magasins, de maisons de commerce ou de centres et de services commerciaux, tous recueillis dans des villes polonaises. Cést pourquoi on évoque ici la conception de la ville définie comme un texte de culture qui est en même temps interexte et qui permet diverses textualisations de noms propres. Les noms de magasins envisagés etc., introduits dans le texte qu´est la ville, rapprochent la vision du monde dont on parle dans ce texte. Ils montrent que l´espace onomastique dans les villes polonaises iste multilingue (en particulier angloamérican). Ils véhiculent aussi l´information sur le processus d´un échange symbolique, sur la naissance des mythologies contemporaines et sur la globalisation.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
30. Screening for anthelmintic resistance in equid strongyles (Nematoda) in Romania
- Creator:
- Cernea, Mihai, Cristina, Romeo T, Ştefănuţ, Laura C, Carvalho, Luís M. Madeira de, Taulescu, Marian A, and Cozma, Vasile
- Format:
- electronic, počítač, and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- koně, osli, horses, donkeys, Strongylinae, Cyathostominae, benzimidazoles, Ivermectin, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Resistance to anthelmintic medication of equid strongyles is a worldwide phenomenon and for this reason systematic investigations of resistant parasite populations are necessary. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the presence and distribution of equid strongyles resistant to the anthelmintics used in Romania, as well as the pre-treatment and post-treatment prevalence of species of strongylid nematodes. The Faecal Egg Count Reduction Test was performed between 2010 and 2013 on a total number of 588 horses and 23 donkeys from 26 locations (subgroups). Animals of the first group (I) consisting of subgroups no. 1-11 were treated with Albendazole (ABZ), those of the second group (II) consisting of subgroups no. 12-23 with Fenbendazole (FBZ), while Ivermectin (IVM) was used on animals of the third group (III) consisting of subgroups no. 24-26. Resistant strongyles have been found in 82% (average lower limit of the 95% confidence interval, LCL95%, was 65) of the total equids from the group treated with ABZ. In the group of horses treated with FBZ, resistant strongyles were identified in 75% of the subgroups (LCL95% = 44). No resistant strongyles have been identified in IVM-treated horse groups (LCL95% = 98). The pre-treatment prevalence of the species of the Strongylinae Müller, 1780 was 22%, whereas that with nematodes of the subfamily Cyathostominae Molin, 1861 78%. Post-treatment reduction of strongyline nematodes was observed (5%), which demonstrates the sensitivity of large strongyles to common anthelmintics. The post-treatment prevalence of cyathostomes was of 95%, which proves their resistance, especially to ABZ- and FBZ-based anthelmintics., Mihai Cernea, Romeo T. Cristina, Laura C. Ştefănuţ, Luís M. Madeira de Carvalho, Marian A. Taulescu, Vasile Cozma., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public