Despite various changes in academic institutions and the academic profession in last two decades (Shore 2008; Dunn 2003; Power 2003), the academic environment is still organized around the notion of a linear, uninterrupted career path (Murray 2000; Smithon and Stokoe 2005) culminating with the launch of one’s own lab. Rather than a remnant of previous organizing principles of science the linear notion of the academic career has been reordered and reinscribed in the recent science policy imaginary of the excellent career (Garforth, Červinková 2009). In light of the recent shifts in the organization of biosciences in the Czech Republic from dynastic to dynamic labs, the dominant ideologies of motherhood and the disembodied subject of the labour market, our goal in this paper is to contribute to feminist analyses of research careers and implications these recent shifts have in terms of the position of women- and especially mothers-bioscientists. Using the concept of enactment (Law 1994, Mol 2002) we examine the co-constitution of motherhood and research careers procesually, as a result of the effects of the gender order, science policy, family policy, institutional arrangements of research organizations and the personal. We wish to underscore the need for a complex study of research careers if we want to understand the nuanced ways in which gender is inscribed in careers in the biosciences., Marcela Linková, Alice Červinková., and Obsahuje bibliografii
The article focuses on changes in availability and use of childcare and pre-school facilities after the Second World War in the Czech society during different periods of communist regime and during the post-1989 era. It studies how they are embedded in context of women's participation on the labour market, gender roles, social policies, fertility rates, public debates on care and fears of population decline. Several discourses influencing the availability and use of childcare and pre-school facilities are identified in the history, e.g. ''the women's issue'' discourse supporting construction of nurseries since 1950s, ''the children's issue'' and ''the population'' discourses contributing to several prolongations of paid childcare leave since 1960s, etc. In history based institutional settings are identified as the main factors leading in a new labour market context to a current drop in availability of nurseries and an increase in care of pre-kindergarten children by mothers at home.
Etiolated oat mesophyll protoplasts and etioplasts released from etiolated protoplasts were able to perform protochlorophyliide (PChlide) reduction but showed a high amount of inactive P633/628» compared with intact leaves. In špite of this, the anabolic reduction charge (ARC, NAPDH+H+/NADP+ + NADPF1+H+) was maintained at 0.66 - 0.77 up to 30 min of irradiation with weak "white light" (10 W m‘2). This indicated a high buffering capacity of the isolated systém to provide NADPF1+H+, only at the expense of intemal reserves. A change in the redox statě of the NADP+/NADPH+H^ couple during protochlorophyliide reduction was not observed in etioplasts. The resulting redox potential was in the range of -330 mV optimal for protochlorophyliide reduction.
Results on integration by parts and integration by substitution for the variational integral of Henstock are well-known. When real-valued functions are considered, such results also hold for the Generalized Riemann Integral defined by Kurzweil since, in this case, the integrals of Kurzweil and Henstock coincide. However, in a Banach-space valued context, the Kurzweil integral properly contains that of Henstock. In the present paper, we consider abstract vector integrals of Kurzweil and prove Substitution Formulas by functional analytic methods. In general, Substitution Formulas need not hold for Kurzweil vector integrals even if they are defined.