Sheep scab caused by the mite Psoroptes ovis (Hering) is a highly contagious disease of sheep. As a first step in developing a mite-derived vaccine for controlling the disease, the soluble antigens in mite extracts which induce an immune response in sheep were identified by electrophoretic and immunoblotting techniques. At least 22 proteins were present in P. ovis extracts as revealed by Coomassie Blue staining. Mite-infested sheep serum recognised six antigenic bands in the extracts with approximate relative molecular weights ranging from 12 to 183 kDa. A deeply staining band at 31.2 kDa and another at 41.8 kDa are of particular diagnostic value. Immunoblotting studies showed that there was no cross reactivity between P. ovis and two other ectoparasites of sheep in the UK, the sheep louse Bovicola ovis (Schrank) and the sheep tick Ixodes ricinus L.
The effects of 20 and 50 µM concentrations of Cu and Cd on photosynthesis in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) cotyledons were studied by the measurements of gas exchange characteristics, chlorophyll (Chl) fluorescence parameters, photosynthetic pigment contents, and two Calvin cycle enzymes activities: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and 3-phosphoglyceric acid kinase (PGK). To minimize indirect metal action, seedlings were treated with metals in the stage of green, fully developed cotyledons. The metals reached the cotyledon tissue after 48 h of treatments, though symptoms of metal action were not visible at that time. The effect of metals on the light phase of the photosynthesis parameters such as potential efficiency of photosystem 2 (PS2; Fv/Fm), and photochemical and nonphotochemical quenching of Chl fluorescence (qP and qNP) was negligible. In contrast, a decrease of PS2 quantum efficiency (ΦPS2) was much more noticeable. Changes in the pigment contents were slight, as only 50 µM Cd decreased Chl a and b contents in small extent. On the contrary, metals in both concentrations drastically decreased (50 and more % of control) the net photosynthetic rate and the stomatal conductance, but not the internal CO2 concentration. The activities of both GAPDH and PGK were also decreased by metals, although the effect on PGK was more prominent, particularly on its potential activity (dithiothreitol in extraction and incubation media). Hence Cu and Cd affected the synthesis of enzyme proteins rather than they influenced their modifications. The effects of both metals on most of the measured photosynthesis parameters were similar, but the accumulation of Cd in the cotyledons was significantly higher than Cu accumulation. Thus Cu was more toxic for the photosynthesis of cucumber cotyledons than Cd. and M. Burzyński, A. Żurek.
Le prologue de Stanislave a le caractère des prologues entiers et contient de biographies (itija) avec les informations de tous les jours et de tous les mois de l'année. Il fait partie des prologues de rédaction B. Du point de vue linguistique, ce texte est l'exemple typique, ou l'on rencontre, d'une part, la tradition et le respect des anciens normes canoniques d'Ohrid, et, d'autre part, les innovations sur les plans de la phonologie, de l'orthographe, de la morphologie et de la morpho-syntaxe. Dans cet exposé nous analysons les couches lexiques du texte. A part le couches le plus anciens comme le macédonismes du sud, les pré-slavismes et les moravismes dans ce prologue nous rencontrons une couche lexique plus récente avec des russismes et des macédonismes. Les calques sont modérement présentés. Cela montre que les personnes qui recopiaient le texte avaient un rapport conscient envers la langue et qu'ils s'efforçaient a traduire les mots étrangers. Ces innovations caractéristiques seulement pour ce texte représentent une couche importante dans le prologue de Stanislave.
Chlorophyll content, photosystem 2 functioning (Fv/Fm, Fv/F0), activity of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase, and net photosynthetic rates (PN) of flag leaf blade, sheath, peduncle, and ear organs were assessed in large-ear type (Pin 7) and small-ear type (ND93) wheat cultivars. Some differences were found in photosynthetic properties between different green plant parts, the values of all studied parameters in ear parts being higher in Pin7 than in ND93. Furthermore, ear surface areas and ear PN in 26 wheat genotypes measured at anthesis showed highly significant positive correlation with grain mass per ear. Hence a greater capability of ear photosynthesis may result in a greater grain yield in large-ear type cultivars. and Zhi-Min Wang, Ai-Li Wei, Dan-Man Zheng.