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1. A coccidian (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) with extracytoplasmally located stages in the kidney tubules of golden carp (Carassius auratus gibelio L.) (Cyprinidae)

Creator:
Lukeš, J.
Format:
print
Type:
model:internalpart and TEXT
Subject:
coccidia, Eimeria, fish, fusion, and host-parasite interaction
Language:
English
Description:
Numerous coccidian stages were found in the kidney tubules of the golden carp (Carassius auratus gibelio). The merogonial and gamogonial stages were localized extracytoplasmally in the microvillous region of the epithelial cells. The host-parasite interface consisted of i) a large area where the parasite was separated from the host cytoplasm by the parasitophorous vacuole membrane only, and ii) a zone of multiple fusions of the host cell membrane investing the parasite to the neighbouring microvilli. The taxonomic status of the extracytoplasmic stages is not clear, however, their possible appurtenance to Eimeria scardimi, which was frequently found in the kidneys of golden carps in the same population, is discussed.
Rights:
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2. A comparative study of the utilization of ether- and ester-linked phospholipid-containing liposomes by J774.E1 macrophage cell-line infected with Leishmania mexicana mexicana amastigotes

Creator:
Hrčková, G., Shah, A., Hart, D.T., and Halton, D.W.
Format:
print
Type:
model:internalpart and TEXT
Subject:
Leishmania m. mexicana, ester-, ether-linked phosphatydilcholine, igands (native LDL, acetylated LDL), and liposome uptake
Language:
English
Description:
The macrophage cell-line J774.E1 and Leishmania m. mexicana infection was used to investigate the uptake of liposomes, which differed in their bulk phospholipid: ester- or ether-analogue of phosphatydilcholine (PC). The receptor-mediated uptake of both species of liposomes, containing native or acetylated LDL as ligands was also evaluated. Uninfected and infected J774.E1 cell-line accumulated more ester- and ether-liposomes alone than mixed type (50:50, ester/ether). The utilization was significantly enhanced when both types of liposomes contained native LDL. The highest uptake was recorded for liposomes bearing acetylated LDL by infected J774.E1 cells. Accumulation of ester- and ether-liposomes with the same ligand was not markedly affected by different chemical nature of PC. Finally, ether-liposomes alone possessed certain activity against Leishmania m. mexicana amastigotes. The results presented here demonstrated the usefulness of ether-liposomes with specific ligands in site-specific delivery of antileishmanial compounds in vitro.
Rights:
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3. Comparative studies on carbohydrates of several myxosporcan parasites of fish using lectin histochemical methods

Creator:
Muňoz, Pilar, Palenzuela, Oswaldo, Alvarez-Pellitero, Pilar, and Sitja-Bobadilla, Ariadna
Format:
print
Type:
model:internalpart and TEXT
Subject:
Myxozoa, parasites, lectins, histochemistry, Teleostei, and carbohydrates
Language:
English
Description:
A histochemical study using lectin methods was performed on myxosporean parasites from vastly different fish hosts from marine and fresh waters. Six biotinylated lectins were used (WGA, SBA, BS-I, Con-А, UEA-I and SNA). The binding paltem of Con-A and WGA revealed the presence of mannose and/or glucose, and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine respectively, in polar capsules and valves of most of the myxosporea assayed. Thus, chitin may be present in polar capsules and/or valves of myxosporean spores. The BS-I binding pattern showed the presence of a-!)-galactose and/or N-acetyl-D-galactosamine residues in polar capsules of Kudoa sp., Zschokkeìla mugilis Sitjà-Bobadilla et Alvarez-Pellitero, 1993 and Leplotheca sp., and in the valves of the latter. Scarce amounts of N-acetyl-D-galactosamine and/or α-D-galactose were demonstrated by SBA binding in Sphaerospora dicentrarchi Sitjà-Bobadilla et Alvarez-Pellitero 1992, Leplotheca sp. and Kudoa sp. valves, and in Leptotheca sp. polar capsules. The UEA-I staining indicated the absence ofa-L-fucose in all the myxosporea assayed except in Leptotheca sp. N-acety!neuraminic acid was detected with SNA in the polar capsules and sporoplasms of Polysporoptasma sparis Sitjà-Bobadilla et-Alvarez-Pellitero, 1995 and in the polar capsules and valves of Kudoa sp. These results indicate that, although Myxosporea may have conserved carbohydrate structures, some of them can show significantly different binding patterns, which may be useful in diagnostic and functional studies.
Rights:
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4. Entamoeba histolytica: surface proteolytic activity and its relationship with in vitro virulence

Creator:
Araiza-Orozeo, Luz María, Avila, Eva Edilia, de Lourdes Muňoz, Maria, and Arias-Negrete, Sergio
Format:
print
Type:
model:internalpart and TEXT
Subject:
Entamoeba histolytica, surface proteolytic activity, cysteine proteases, collagenase, amoeba virulence, and complement resistance
Language:
English
Description:
We determined the surface-associated proteolytic activity in three Entamoeba histolytica Schaudinn, 1903 strains (monoxenic HM1, axenic HM1, and HK9) of known virulence and its relationship with collagenase activity. Both activities were also determined in axenic HM1 amoebae trophozoites which were sensitive and resistant to complement-mediated lysis. Surface proteolytic activity was determined in glutaraldehyde-fixcd E. histolytica trophozoites, which degraded the insoluble substrate, hide powder azure, and cleaved the human immunoglobulin G heavy chain in a time-dependent fashion, at neutral pH, in presence of 2-mercaptoethanol as cysteine protcase activator. Surface proteolytic activity was strain dependent: monoxenic HM1 > axenic IIM1 > axenic HK9. This activity correlated with collagenolytic activity (p < 0.05). Acquisition of resistance to complement-mediated lysis by axenic HM1 strain did not modify either surface proteases or collagenase expression. Our results suggest that this surface proteolytic activity could be used as an in vitro virulence marker for E. histolytica.
Rights:
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5. Margolisiella kabatai gen. et sp. n. (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae), a parasite of native littleneck clams, Protothaca staminea, from British Columbia, Canada, with a taxonomie revision of the coccidian parasites of bivalves (Mollusca: Bivalvia)

Creator:
Desser, Sherwin S. and Bower, Susan M.
Format:
print
Type:
model:internalpart and TEXT
Subject:
taxonomy, eimeriorin parasite, bivalve kidney, and ultrastructure
Language:
English
Description:
Two of 98 native littleneck clams, Protothaca staminea Conrad, from Cooper’s Cove, Sooke Basin were infected with an eimeriorin coccidian parasite. Merogonic, gamontogonic and sporogonie development were observed in renal tubular epithelial cells. Sporulation of the oocysts occurred within the host. Mature oocysts were spherical mean 41 pm (range 30-44), and contained about 32 subspherical sporocysts (9 x 10 pm), each of which contained 4 sporozoites. Spherical 19 pm (18-20), cyst-like structures and smaller multinucleate bodies, some of which resembled sporocysts, were also seen.A review of the coccidian parasites of bivalves led to the erection of the new genus, Margolisiella (family Eimeriidae Minchin, 1903) to accommodate M. kabatai sp. n., the parasite in Protothaca staminea described herein. Four previously described monoxenous species (Pseudoklossia patellae Debaisieux, P. chitonis Debaisieux, P. tellinovum Buchanan and P. halintis Friedman, Gardner, Hedrick, Stephenson, Cawthom et Upton) were also transferred to the new genus. The 2 remaining possibly heteroxenous species (P. pelseneeri Léger and P. glomerata Léger et Duboscq) were retained in the genus Pseudoklossia Léger et Duboscq (family Aggregatidae Labbé, 1899).
Rights:
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6. Procesuálni gramatika v kontextu současných tendencí lingvistického myšlení

Creator:
Kořenský, Jan
Format:
print
Type:
model:internalpart and TEXT
Language:
Czech and English
Description:
In spite of the complicated plurality of the present ways of thinking about speech and the prerequisites of speech, it is possible to say that the various ways of thinking could be placed somewhere between the end points the „absolute“ formalism and the „consistent“ functionalism with the distinct transitional zone in between. One can assume that the development tends from the formalism to the functionalism and this means the way of rising of the explanatory power of the theories. In order to make the process successful it is necessary to look for such formal means that are able to rationally express the knowledge of consistent functionalistic theories. If it were not for this fact, the way from the „absolute“ formalism to the „consistent“ functionalism would be the unwished way from the rationalism to non-rationalistic speculations, far away from the bounds of science. If we insisted on the petrification of the so far existed formalisms, in the name of the aimed grade of formalisation, it would mean to persist on the knowledge of speech on interest of the brilliant formal language exercises.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public