Recently water resources reanalysis (WRR) global streamflow products are emerging from high- resolution global models as a means to provide long and consistent global streamflow products for assessment of global challenge such as climate change. Like any other products, the newly developed global streamflow products have limitations accurately represent the dynamics of local streamflow hydrographs. There is a need to locally evaluate and apply correction factors for better representation and make use of the data. This research focuses on the evaluation and correction of the bias embedded in the global streamflow product (WRR, 0.25°) developed by WaterGAP3 hydrological model in the upper Blue Nile basin part of Ethiopia. Three spatiotemporal dynamical bias correction schemes (temporalspatial variable, temporal-spatial constant and spatial variable) tested in twelve watersheds of the basin. The temporalspatial variable dynamical bias correction scheme significantly improves the streamflow estimation. The Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient (NSCE) improves by 30% and bias decreases by 19% for the twelve streamflow gauging stations applying leave one out cross-validation approach in turn. Therefore, the temporal-spatial variable scheme is applicable and can use as one method for the bias correction to use the global data for local applications in the upper Blue Nile basin.
The polarized absorption, photoacoustic, fluorescence emission, and fluorescence excitation spectra of whole cells of cyanobacteria Synechocystis sp. embedded in a polymer film were measured. The bacteria cells, as it follows from anisotropy of absorption and fluorescence spectra, were even in a non-stretched polyvinyl alcohol film oriented to a certain extent. The measurements were done for such film in order to avoid the deformation of cyanobacteria shapes. Part of the samples was bleached by irradiation with strong polarized radiation with electric vector parallel to the orientation axis of cells. The anisotropy of photoacoustic spectra was higher than that of absorption spectra and it was stronger changed by the irradiation. Polarized fluorescence was excited in four wavelength regions characterised by different contribution to absorption from various bacteria pigments. The shapes of emission spectra were different depending on wavelength of excitation, polarization of radiation, and previous irradiation of the sample. The fluorescence spectra were analysed on Gaussian components belonging to various forms of pigments from photosystems (PS) 1 and 2. The results inform about excitation energy transfer between pools of pigments, differently oriented in the cells. Energy of photons absorbed by phycobilisomes was transferred predominantly to the chlorophyll of PS2, whereas photons absorbed by carotenoids to chlorophylls of PS1. and J. Goc ... [et al.].
Na životní dráze Helmara Franka (1919-2015), původem rakouského Němce, ale prací československého vědce, článek ilustruje vývoj fyziky a využití polovodičů v českých zemích., This article describes the development of physics and application of semiconductors in Czechoslovakia and the Czech Republic throughout the lifetime of Helmar Frank (1919-2015), who was originally an Austrian German but by virtue of his work, is recognised as a Czechoslovak physicist., Milan Pospíšil., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
The article presents new concept of grip for in vitro strength tests of spines or spine-internal spine fixator sets. This grip does not need dividing the tested spine into tested segments (FSU and larger ones) according to the accepted testing plan. This is important because dividing makes spine useless for further examinations. They enable 'adjusting' the grip to the spine characteristic individual features e.g. lordosis or if necessary, scoliosis. The mechanical fixing system should guarantee stable fixing of extreme vertebras (from the accepted testing program point of view - compression / distraction, bending or torsion) as well as provide a possibility of positioning the spine on the required planes an axes. For the presented solution the load system can be any strength testing machine providing compression / distraction applied with the required accuracy preferably in a programmed way. and Obsahuje seznam literatury
In this note, we prove that the countable compactness of {0, 1} R together with the Countable Axiom of Choice yields the existence of a nonmeasurable subset of . This is done by providing a family of nonmeasurable subsets of whose intersection with every non-negligible Lebesgue measurable set is still not Lebesgue measurable. We develop this note in three sections: the first presents the main result, the second recalls known results concerning non-Lebesgue measurability and its relations with the Axiom of Choice, the third is devoted to the proofs.