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2. Analysis of thoracic impact responses and injury prediction by using FE thoracic model

Creator:
Číhalová, Lenka
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
biomechanics, thoracic model, validation, frontal, lateral and oblique impactor test, and injury criterion
Language:
English
Description:
The previously developed thoracic finite element model [8, 9] was used to investigate the human thoracic dynamic responses associated with the frontal, lateral and oblique loading and to predict injuries of the thorax associated with the frontal loading. The thoracic model was developed [8, 9] to improve the human articulated rigid body model ROBBY (the model of an average adult male) [13, 14], which was previously developed at the University of West Bohemia in cooperation with ESI Group (Engineering Simulation for Industry). There are implemented deformable models of the thorax and abdomen in the ROBBY model. The geometries of individual thoracic organs were based on the cadaver tomography data and color cross-section photographs obtained from Visible Human Project (VHP) [33]. The thoracic model material properties were obtained either by virtue of cooperation with ESI Group or from public sources (articles, Internet, books). Thoracic model includes the models of the sternum, ribs, costal cartilages, vertebrae, lungs, heart, trachea, main vessels (aorta, vena cava superior), intercostal muscles, diaphragm, flesh and skin. The presented study deals with the dynamic response and validation of the whole thoracic model and with the prediction of thoracic injuries by virtue of this model. The results of simulations are compared with the experimental results. and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

3. Claude Lévi-Strauss a problém tzv. synchronického času

Creator:
Jiří Šubrt
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
filozofie, philosophy, structuralism, time, synchronicity/diachronicity, cold/hot societies, reversible/irreversible, ritual, 5, and 101
Language:
Czech
Description:
In societies described as “cold” by Claude Lévi-Strauss, the historical dimension is coded into myths, traditions and rituals. Lévi-Strauss says that ritual is an “instrument for the destruction of time”. The key to the author’s idea of the opposition of synchronicity and diachronicity is found in his work The Savage Mind, in which he talks about a never-ending struggle between these two which initiates totemic thinking. In current sociology, Levi-Strauss’ concept of reversible time is utilised by Anthony Giddens, who adapts it in his structuration theory. However the concept of synchronous (structuralist) reversible time is simultaneously the subject of a critique from the perspectives of cultural anthropology (Alfred Gell) and sociology (Barbara Adam). At the article’s conclusion, the argument is made that when Lévi-Strauss talks about cold societies, which tend to banish history from the consciousness, it doesn’t mean that he is trying to over rule the laws of logic or physics (as he is accused by Gell) but at tempting to see the world through the eyes of a specific type of society and to understand time from the perspective of a “native”. and Jiří Šubrt.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

5. On the use of the simple scaling of heavy rainfall in a regional estimation of IDF curves in Slovakia

Creator:
Bara, Márta, Gaál, Ladislav, Kohnová, Silvia, Szolgay, Ján, and Hlavčová, Kamila
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
regionalization, rainfall intensity, simple scaling, IDF curves, warm season, 1-day maxima of precipitation totals, regionalizácia, intenzita zrážok, jednoduché škálovanie, návrhové hodnoty, teplý polrok, and jednodenné maximálne úhrny zrážok
Language:
Slovak
Description:
The aim of this study was to test the applicability of a simple scaling methodology for a regional estimation of intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) curves in Slovakia. The analysis is based on the regionalization process of Gaál (2006), which focused on the delineation of homogeneous regions for a regional frequency analysis of precipitation maxima. In order to examine the regionally estimated IDF curves, a region covering the western parts of Slovakia was chosen. The selected region, which encompasses 19 raingauging stations, may be characterized by the dominant influence of Atlantic circulation patterns. Three of the 19 stations belonging to the target region were set aside and flagged as verification stations. The regional dimensionless growth curve of 1-day precipitation maxima in the warm season was derived for the region, and the local T-year quantiles were estimated by the index value method for the stations. At the same time, a regionally averaged scaling exponent was derived using all the stations except for the three verification ones. The local IDF curves at the verification stations were estimated by downscaling the Tyear quantiles of the 1-day precipitation maxima using the regionally averaged scaling exponent. Finally, the IDF curves for these stations were compared with those defined by Šamaj, Valovič (1973). This study is the first step in assessing the applicability of a simple scaling theory for the regional estimation of IDF curves in Slovakia. and Cieľom tejto práce bolo otestovať možnosť použitia metódy jednoduchého škálovania zrážok pri regionálnom odhade návrhových hodnôt zrážkových intenzít na Slovensku. Pre analýzu bolo vybraných 19 zrážkomerných staníc vo vopred vyčlenenom regióne na území západného Slovenska, pričom tri stanice boli separované ako verifikačné stanice. Pre vybraný región sme odvodili bezrozmernú regionálnu čiaru prekročenia jednodenných maximálnych úhrnov zrážok v teplom polroku a následne sme pre verifikačné stanice metódou indexovej hodnoty odhadli lokálne návrhové hodnoty pre rôzne významné doby opakovania T (tzv. T-ročné kvantily). Vo vyčlenenom regióne sme určili priemerný regionálny škálovací koeficient. Návrhové zrážkové intenzity pre tri verifikačné stanice sa stanovili zoškálovaním T-ročných kvantilov jednodenných maximálnych zrážok pomocou regionálneho škálovacieho koeficientu. Určené návrhové hodnoty sme porovnali s výsledkami Šamaja, Valoviča (1973). Štúdia potvrdila možnosť využitia metódy jednoduchého škálovania na regionálny odhad návrhových hodnôt zrážkových intenzít na Slovensku.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

6. Reconstruction of the 1974 flash flood in Sóller (Mallorca) using a hydraulic 1D/2D model

Creator:
Thomas, Carys, Stamataki, Ioanna, and Rosselló-Geli, Joan
Format:
počítač and online zdroj
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
flash floods, hydraulic model, documentary sources, historical flood reconstruction, hydrograph, and Mallorca
Language:
Slovak
Description:
Flash flood events are common in the Mediterranean basin, because of a combination of rugged coastal topography and climatological characteristics. The Balearic Islands are a flood-prone region with the research area, Sóller (Mallorca) being no exception. Between 1900 and 2000, Sóller experienced 48 flash floods with 17 categorised as catastrophic. In Sóller, the local surface water network comprises ephemeral streams. These are natural water networks that only carry water during periods of intense rainfall. Using the available evidence from the 1974 flash flood, this research used Flood Modeller to simulate the event. The research developed a one-dimensional (1D) and a onedimensional two-dimensional (1D-2D) model that assisted in the understanding of the behaviour of the ephemeral stream during the flood. Analysis of hydraulic parameters such as water flow, depth and velocity provided an appreciation of the interaction between the channel and floodplain. Model development aims to forecast the impending impacts of climate change and urbanisation. The results suggest that the characteristics of Sóller’s catchment area naturally encourage flash flooding and hence can be deemed a flashy catchment. The model demonstrates that the interaction between the channel and floodplain relies heavily on surface roughness of both areas. The model proves that if flood intensity increases with climate change, the extent of flooding and consequently the damage will become more severe.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

7. Zur Frage der Entstehung der Stube und des Hausflurs im tschechoslowakischen volkstümlichen Haus und ihre Beziehungen zum altslawischen und altfränkischen Haus

Creator:
Pražák, Vilém
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
ethnographical research, traditional folk architecture, old Slavonic house, old Frank house, and etymology of terms "jizba" and "síň"
Language:
Czech
Description:
Stanovením vzniku a rázu jizby v slovanském domě obírali se nejprve němečtí badatelé z konce 19. stol.; L. Niederle jejich názory o tom podstatě korigoval, ale přesto připouštěl, že vznik dvojohnišťového typu v západoslovanském domě byl podmíněn vlivem starého hornoněmeckého domu franského, a že Slované s věcí převzali i její nový název "jizba", odvozený z německého "stuba". Novější filologické bádání tuto etymologickou rovnici však odmítá a název "jizba" odvozuje z provincionální latiny, odkud také pochodí sám název "stuba". Také moderní poznatky archeologické dospívají k tomu, že vliv franského domu nemohl mit takovou působnost. Rovněž výsledky etnografického studia lidového obydlí v Československu to potvrzují. Autor v této studii k řešení této problematiky použil - mimo dosavadních toho se týkajících údajů - ještě dalšího, dosud málo využitého pramene, totiž lidového názvosloví pro obytnou místnost a vstupní síň. Podrobným rozborem jejich vzniku, územního rozšíření, etymologického významu a vztahu k topeništím a též se zřetelem ještě k jiným, obecným kulturním proudům, dospívá k rezultátu, že názor o vlivu starého franského domu na západoslovanský a tím i na český a slovenský - je dnes již neudržitelným, protože jde o kulturní vlivy mnohem pozdější, kdy franský vliv se nemohl u nás již uplatňovat. Týmž námětem se autor obíral již v článku K problematice vzniku jizby a síně v čs. obydlí a jejich vztahů k staroslovanskému a franskému domu (v Českém lidu, roč. 52, 1965), kde svoje vývody dokumentuje podrobněji.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public