The paper expands upon the role of the Czech national movement
and the Czech nation or Czech cultural situation in the Kashubian patriotic discourse from the first half of the 19th century until the First World War. It focuses primarily on the period in which it had a direct influence on the "initiation" of the Kashubian patriotic campaign when the founder of the Kashubian movement, Florian Ceynowa, was studying under Czech professors (J. E. Purkyně, F. L. Čelakovský) in Wroclaw (in the 1840s), as well as on Ceynowa’s
subsequent contacts with other members of the Czech national movement until the 1860s. Afterwards, the Kashubian campaign paused in its reflection of the Czech movement. The paper thus then concentrates on the next phase of reflection beginning in the early 20th century, especially in the context of the Young Kashubian program (A. Majkowski, J. Karnowski, K. Kantak). Appreciable ambivalences appear: the Czech movement, and Czechs in general, on the one hand was a paradigmatic example of the successful formation of a modern nation by a formerly
non-dominant ethnic group as well as of dynamic social, cultural, and economic development, but on the other hand criticisms of the Czech mentality and Czech political strategies were voiced. and Obsahuje poznámkový aparát pod čarou
The concept of a relatively pseudocomplemented directoid was introduced recently by the first author. It was shown that the class of relatively pseudocomplemented directoids forms a variety whose axiom system contains seven identities. The aim of this paper is three-fold. First we show that these identities are not independent and their independent subset is presented. Second, we modify the adjointness property known for relatively pseudocomplemented semilattices in the way which is suitable for relatively pseudocomplemented directoids. Hence, they can also be considered as residuated structures in a rather modified version. We also get two important congruence properties, namely congruence distributivity and 3-permutability valid in the variety V of relatively pseudocomplemented directoids. Then we show some basic results connected with subdirect irreducibility in V. Finally, we show another way how to introduce pseudocomplementation on directoids via relative pseudocomplementation.
The study confronts the election results with the ethnical affiliation and rethinks the question, to what extent the different electoral codes could have influenced the political and national split in Bohemian Crown Lands prior to the World War I. and Článek zahrnuje odkazy pod čarou