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Start Over Creator Štys, Pavel

1. A fossil head of an enicocephalomorphan (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) from England revisited: Identity of the first fossil species of Enicocephalidae from Europe

Creator:
Štys, Pavel
Type:
article, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Insecta, Hemiptera, Heteroptera, fossil Enicocephalidae, † Pyrenicocephalus jarzembowskii, new genus, new species, Early Eocene, London Clay, England, palaeoentomology, taxonomy, and morphology
Language:
English
Description:
† Pyrenicocephalus jarzembowskii, gen. et sp. n. (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Enicocephalomorpha: Enicocephalidae: Enicocephalinae) from Early Eocene, London Clay, England, Isle of Sheppey, is described and illustrated according to the unique pyritized adult head reported as a larval enicocephalid head by Jarzembowski (1986). The head anatomy of similar and related genera of Enicocephalinae is compared and the close relationship of the new genus to a clade including the extant genera Oncylocotis, Embolorrhinus and Hoplitocoris is suggested, most probably as the sister genus to Hoplitocoris (presently with Afrotropical, East Palaearctic and Oriental range).
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

2. Evolutionary origin of squamiform microsculpture on the forewing-holding devices (frenae) in Heteroptera

Creator:
Štys, Pavel
Type:
article, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Heteroptera, Enicocephalomorpha, Dipsocoromorpha, Schizopteridae, Rectilamina, morphology, microsculpture, frenae, microtrichia, and acanthae
Language:
English
Description:
Frenae are forewing-holding ridges situated in the Heteroptera parallel to the lateral sides of mesoscutellum, and covered by a squamiform, overlapping, glabrous microsculpture. The situation found in Rectilamina sp. (Dipsocoromorpha: Schizopteridae: Hypselosomatinae) suggests that each single squamiform element is homologous to a strongly modified microtrichium, and that, at least in this case, there is no basic difference between microtrichium and acanthus.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

3. Predator dependent mimetic complexes: Do passerine birds avoid Central European red-and-black Heteroptera?

Creator:
Hotová Svádová, Kateřina, Exnerová, Alice, Kopečková, Michala, and Štys, Pavel
Type:
article, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Aposematism, true bugs, Heteroptera, avian predators, and mimetic complex
Language:
English
Description:
True bugs are generally considered to be well protected against bird predation. Sympatric species that have similar warning coloration are supposed to form a functional Müllerian mimetic complex avoided by visually oriented avian predators. We have tested whether these assumptions hold true for four species of European red-and-black heteropterans, viz. Pyrrhocoris apterus, Lygaeus equestris, Spilostethus saxatilis, and Graphosoma lineatum. We found that individual species of passerine birds differ in their responses towards particular bug species. Great tits (Parus major) avoided all of them on sight, robins (Erithacus rubecula) and yellowhammers (Emberiza citrinella) discriminated among them and attacked bugs of some species with higher probability than others, and blackbirds (Turdus merula) frequently attacked bugs of all the tested species. Different predators thus perceive aposematic prey differently, and the extent of Batesian-Müllerian mimetic complexes and relations among the species involved is predator dependent.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public