The article describes fundamental and application results obtained in the Department of Quantum Electronics of the Institute of Radio-Engineering and Electronics (IRE) of Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences in Prague. The early success in detection of the Doppler effect of radiation reflected from the first satellite orbiting the Earth - Sputnik (1957) was in the Department followed by systematic work in the area of ammonia masers, both 14NH3 and 15NH3 (1963-72). Short information is given on the first graduate courses in quantum electronics (1963-64) organized by the Department. Department's program of laser development and applications is discussed in details. The results of four key research projects are reported in the article, i.e., (a) ruby laser and its application in ophthalmology (including the first laser surgery of retina carried out in our laboratory), (b) carbon dioxide IR lasers, (c) UV-Vis gas lasers (blue He-Cd laser, near-ultraviolet nitrogen laser), and (d) tunable dye lasers. Unfortunately, the politically motivated dissolution of the Department in early seventies ended all the promising programs., Jan Blabla, Viktor Trkal., Obsahuje bibliografii, and V anglickém názvu uvedeno chybně Quatum - správně = Quantum
''In the middle of 1964 brought Dr. John to our laboratory a girl with quite torn eye retina. Neither classical surgery operation nor the Lichtkoagulator device was applicable. She had the only chance and that was the application of laser radiation ... '' remember nestors of Czech laser physics and quantum electronics Jan Blabla and Viktor Trkal. and ''V polovině roku 1964 přivedl MUDr. John do naší laboratoře děvče, které mělo zcela roztrhanou sítnici. Pro lékařský zákrok nebylo možné použít klasický postup operace, ani operaci pomocí nekoherentního Lichtkoagulátoru. Pacientka měla jedinou šanci, a tou byla aplikace laserového záření ...'' vzpomínají nestoři české laserové fyziky a kvantové elektroniky Jan Blabla a Viktor Trkal.