Available data on the distribution and karyology of Nannospalax (superspecies leucodon) from the Carpathian Basin are summarized. We argue that four chromosomal forms of the species complex are endemic to the Carpathian Basin and their former and recent distribution based on museum specimens, literature overview and our own observations is mapped. Based on current distribution data, a preliminary extinction risk-assessment is presented for each of these forms. In spite of the current IUCN category applied for the whole superspecies (i.e. “Least Concern”), one of the chromosomal forms is regarded hereby as Vulnerable, one as Endangered, and two as Data Deficient.