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Start Over Creator Damsteegt, Theo

2. The Hindi pluperfect as a narrative device

Creator:
Damsteegt, Theo
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
Hindi, pluperfect, verbal tenses, and narrative techniques
Language:
English
Description:
The article deals with the use of the pluperfect as a narrative device in six short stories writen by the Hindi-author Kamlesvar and published in 1964. The article distinguishes two ways of using the "absolute" pluperfect, that is, the pluperfect found in a context other than retroversions. The first type is the pluperfect that signalizes Free Indirect Discourse. In the second type, the pluperfect expresses a feeling of helplessness, as experienced by a character or narrator. The use of the pluperfect in FID is a result of the tense shift that characterizes this semi-direct style. Its occurerence in the second type, on the other hand, comes close to the central meaning of the Hindi pluperfect of indicating and action that (according to Montaut´s explanation) does not go on to and is separated by a time interval from, the present. Here, however, that meaning should be taken metaphorically.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

3. The tragedy of modernization: an analysis of Girirāj Kiśor´s Narmedh

Creator:
Damsteegt, Theo
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
modernization and Girirāj Kiśor
Language:
English
Description:
The social-psychological Hindi play Narmedh (1970), written by Girirāj Kiśor, has as its main character a woman wnose husband and sons break with tradition in regard to marriage. Because of her own experiences. she wisches to maintain her family but at the same time she feels guilty about those efforts, and tries to commit suicide. Besides its content, the play is interesting because it is a tragedy, a genre that is more common in European than in Indian literature. The article analyses the techniques of the play and their contribution to the effect of tragedy, and uses especially the method of dialogue anylysis. In the interprearion argued here, the play suggests that after 1947 the old norms ruling personal relationships have been abandoned in favor of an attitude of self-interest or in some cases idealism, without new ones immediately replacing them. The effect is that these relationships may be ruled by indifference, which harms and to some extent immobilizes those who are sensitive.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public