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3. Co-fluctuation among bird species in their migration timing

Creator:
Hubálek, Zdeněk
Type:
article and TEXT
Subject:
phenology, migratory birds, spring arrival, and cluster analysis
Language:
English
Description:
Long-term spring arrival dates of 37 migratory bird species as recorded in Moravia (Czech Republic) during 103 years between 1881 and 2001 were evaluated for pairwise correlation (i.e. co-fluctuation in migratory timing) between avian species. Cluster analysis of the correlation matrix revealed a number of clusters (called ‘migrons’) of co-fluctuating migratory bird species. All short-distance migrants with the European (Mediterranean) winter range clustered together in migron A (Alauda arvensis, Motacilla alba, Vanellus vanellus, Sturnus vulgaris, Corvus frugilegus, Columba palumbus, Phoenicurus ochruros, Phylloscopus collybita, Remiz pendulinus, Erithacus rubecula, Turdus philomelos, Larus ridibundus, Serinus serinus, Sylvia atricapilla), while six other, smaller clusters were formed exclusively of long-distance migrants having an African (sub-Saharan) winter range: (B) Cuculus canorus, Streptopelia turtur; (C) Hirundo rustica, Jynx torquilla, Luscinia megarhynchos, Apus apus, Sylvia curruca; (D) Acrocephalus schoenobaenus, Riparia riparia, Upupa epops; (E) Anthus trivialis, Delichon urbica, Motacilla flava, Hippolais icterina; (F) Ciconia ciconia, Phoenicurus phoenicurus, Ficedula albicollis, Acrocephalus arundinaceus, Lanius collurio; (G) Oriolus oriolus, Muscicapa striata, Locustella fluviatilis, Coturnix coturnix. Results of the co-migration analysis pose interesting questions about possible varying underlying mechanisms of the migration timing in different migrons of birds.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/

5. Detection of Anaplasma DNA in Ixodes ricinus ticks: pitfalls

Creator:
Šikutová, Silvie, Rudolf, Ivo, Golovchenko, Maryna, Rudenko, Nataliia, Grubhoffer, Libor, and Hubálek, Zdeněk
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Language:
English
Description:
A total of 150 nymphal Ixodes ricinus (L., 1758) (Acari: Ixodidae) from the Czech Republic were examined for Anaplasma phagocytophilum (Foggie, 1949) Dumler et al., 2001 by PCR using EHR521/747 primers: 22 of 50 pools were positive (minimum prevalence, 14.7%). However, sequencing of the PCR products did not show complete homology with A. phagocytophilum (91%) while the closest relationship (95%) was found to "Candidatus Ehrlichia walkerii". The results indicate a need for care in interpretation of Anaplasma PCR results and for PCR optimization for detecting A. phagocytophilum in ticks.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

7. Global weather variability affects avian phenology

Creator:
Hubálek, Zdeněk
Type:
article and TEXT
Subject:
migratory birds, North Atlantic Oscillation, spring arrival, and temperature
Language:
English
Description:
The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) has been used as a simple approximate descriptor of the global weather fluctuation over Europe. Spring arrival dates of 37 migratory bird species (summer visitors) recorded in Moravia, Czech Republic during 103 years between 1881 and 2001 were correlated with the seasonal NAO index. Bird arrivals occurred significantly earlier following positive winter/spring NAO values (causing a warmer spring than normal in Central Europe) in all short-distance migrants with a European (Mediterranean) winter range (Alauda arvensis, Anser anser, Columba palumbus, Larus ridibundus, Phoenicurus ochruros, Phylloscopus collybita, Remiz pendulinus, Saxicola torquata, Serinus serinus, Sturnus vulgaris, Turdus philomelos, Vanellus vanellus). On the other hand, the timing of arrival did not correlate significantly with seasonal NAO in long-distance migrants having largely an African (sub-Saharan) winter range (Acrocephalus schoenobaenus, Anthus trivialis, Apus apus, Ciconia ciconia, Cuculus canorus, Ficedula albicollis, Hippolais icterina, Hirundo rustica, Jynx torquilla, Lanius collurio, Luscinia megarhynchos, Muscicapa striata, Oriolus oriolus, Phylloscopus sibilatrix, Riparia riparia, Streptopelia turtur, Sylvia atricapilla, S. curruca, Upupa epops). The prevailing positive phase of winter/spring NAO conditions observed in Europe at the end of the 20th century has obviously determined the trend of an earlier than normal arrival of short-distance migratory species.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/

8. Investigation of haematophagous arthropods for borreliae -summarized data, 1988-1996

Creator:
Hubálek, Zdeněk, Halouzka, Jiří, and Juřicová, Zina
Format:
print
Type:
model:internalpart and TEXT
Subject:
Borrelia, Lyme borreliosis, Ixodes, Dermacentor, Haemaphysalis, Aedes, Culex, Ctenophthalmus, birds, and mammals
Language:
English
Description:
Blood-sucking arthropods, collected in South Moravia, Czech Republic, were examined by darkfteld microscopy for borreliae from 1988 to 1996. Among host-seeking ixodid ticks (8481 Ixodes ricinus (L.), 372 Dermacentor reticulatus (Fabr.), 167 Haemaphysalis concinna Koch), borreliae were only observed in adult (23.2%), nymphal (17.2%) and larval (6.3%) I. ricinus. The prevalence of borreliae in I. ricinus did not vary considerably among habitats except for lower values in agroecosystems, xerothermic oak woods and grasslands. The frequency of intensity of spirochaetal infection (log,,, counts of borreliae per tick) in /. ricinus approximated the negative binomial distribution. The proportions of host-seeking female and nymphal ticks containing >100 borreliae were 5.0% and 1.7%, respectively. Among preimaginal ticks (749 I. ricinus, 222 D. reticulatus, 82 II. concinna) parasitizing free-living forest birds and small mammals, borreliae were detected in 6.1% of larval and 10.3% of nymphal I. ricinus, and in one larval H. concinna', 3.2% of the birds and 19.4% of the mammals carried infected ticks. Among 3464 female mosquitoes (Culicidae) of 6 species, 4.1% contained spirochaetes: 1.4% of Aedes vexans Meig., 1.3% of A. cantons (Meig.), 2.2% of A. sticticus (Meig.), 2.2% of Culex pipiens pipiens L. and 5.9% of C. p. molestus Forskal. Borreliae were also detected in 8.4% of 142 fleas (Siphonaptera, largely Ctenophthalmus agyrtes Heller and Hystrichopsylla talpae Curtis) collected from small mammals. Twelve isolates of B. burgdorferi sensu lato have been identified to genospecies: 6 strains from I. ricinus (4 Borrelia garinii Baranton et al., 1 В. afzelii Canica et al. and 1 В. lusitaniae Le Fleche et al.), 1 strain from A. vexans (В. afze-lii), 2 strains from C. agyrtes (В. afzelii), and 3 strains from host rodents (B. afzelii).
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

9. Migration distance and the effect of North Atlantic Oscillation on the spring arrival of birds in Central Europe

Creator:
Hubálek, Zdeněk and Čapek, Miroslav
Type:
article and TEXT
Subject:
climate, NAO, phenology, temperature, and weather
Language:
English
Description:
Mean annual first arrival dates (FAD) of 45 migratory bird species recorded in Moravia (Czech Republic, c. 49º N) in 109 spring seasons between 1881 and 2007 were correlated with the preceding winter (December to March) North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index. The arrival of birds occurred significantly earlier following high NAO winter index values (those result in spring warmer than normal in central Europe) in all short-distance migratory species with a European or North African winter range, whereas the arrival timing did not correlate significantly with the seasonal NAO index in long-distance migrants having sub-Saharan winter range. When the values of Pearson coefficient between NAO and FAD were correlated with the migration distance of all 45 bird species, the correlation was remarkable and significant (p<0.001): r = 0.848 for the distance to central locations of winter range, and r = 0.822 for the northern limits of the wintering area. The migration distance was thus responsible for 68–72 % of variation in the regression of birds’ arrival on NAO winter index in central Europe. The data are robust (this is the longest avian phenological record analyzed for correlation with NAO in Europe), and indicate different mechanisms that govern timing between short-distance and long-distance migrants in their departure from wintering areas.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/