Plant names based on the original material from a restricted region are scientifically important for the study of local biodiversity. Names typified with or entirely based on the original material from the Czech Republic are studied in the present paper; the names are confined to cases of generally accepted names published and taxa described in the period 1753–1820. Some names with original material coming from a border region (mostly near the Polish border) are included, too. Brief notes and references are given to introduce the authors of names and the history of their herbarium collections. New data are given on publications and herbaria of F.W. Schmidt, T. Haenke and J. E. Pohl, including examples of their handwritings; the other authors being C. Linnaeus (and J. Burser), J. Zauschner, K. L.Willdenow, J. C. Mikan, K. Sternberg, H. A. Schrader, L. Trattinick, K. B. Presl, J. S. Presl, P. M. Opiz, I. F. Tausch and H. G. L. Reichenbach. Nomenclatural and taxonomic notes are given on Aconitum plicatum, Allium senescens subsp. montanum, Gagea bohemica, Plantago uliginosa, Spergularia salina, Valeriana officinalis, V. exaltata, V. sambucifolia and Veronica triloba. A number of names are typified (lecto-, neo- , epitypes): Allium montanum, Athyrium distentifolium, Erysimum arcuatum (= Barbarea vulgaris subsp. arcuata), Schmidtia (= Coleanthus) subtilis, Epilobium nutans, Ornithogalum bohemicum (= Gagea bohemica), Hieracium sudeticum, Myosotis sparsiflora, Cynoglossum (= Omphalodes) scorpioides, Pedicularis sudetica, Phyteuma nigrum, Plantago uliginosa (with an identification key), Poa laxa, Soldanella montana, Symphytum bohemicum, Thlaspi caerulescens, Valeriana exaltata (with notes on the typification of V. officinalis), V. sambucifolia, Veronica triloba (with a note on the status of names in Čelakovský‘s works), Viola sudetica and V. saxatilis. The other names included in the list are Avenula planiculmis, Cardamine amara subsp. opicii, Eriophorum vaginatum, Hieracium rupestre (= H. schmidtii), Luzula sudetica, Mentha longifolia, Potentilla lindackeri, Rosa elliptica, Salix silesiaca, Stipa capillata and Viola rupestris. A few cases of names excluded from the list are also analysed: Achillea millefolium subsp. sudetica, Alchemilla fissa, Carex bohemica, Dactylorhiza longebracteata, Gagea pusilla, Geranium bohemicum, Matricaria recutita, Veronica dentata, Spergularia salina (correct name: S. marina), Gentianella obtusifolia, Myosotis alpestris and Mentha rotundifolia. For most cases, conservation status and situation at the original localities (in many cases in protected areas) are discussed.
A long-standing problem with the taxonomic status and synonymy of the names Taraxacum nigricans (Kit.) Reichenb. and T. alpestre (Tausch) DC. is resolved. These two names, the oldest ones referable to high mountain dandelions in Central Europe, are typified, and a detailed comparison of these species’ morphology, genotype make-up, karyotypes and distribution is provided, together with a discussion of other cases of similar and probably closely related agamospermous taxa of Taraxacum and Hieracium. Taraxacum nigricans (2n = 32) and T. alpestre (2n = 32) are endemic to the Nízke Tatry Mts, Slovakia, and the Krkonoše/Karkonosze Mts, Czech Republic/ Poland, respectively. These are shown to differ in a series of minor but constant morphological, allozyme and karyotype features, and their treatment as separate agamospermous species is supported. A detailed analysis of cultivated and wild material from the Carpathians revealed the existence of a sexual taxon very close to the above two species and endemic to the region of the Bucegi Mts, Romania. It is described as a new species, T. carpaticum Štěpánek et Kirschner. Two new agamospermous species, apparently allied to T. nigricans, are described: T. rupicaprae Štěpánek et Kirschner, a species characterized by orange-ochraceous achenes and confined to the High Tatra Mts, and T. elegantissimum Štěpánek et Kirschner (2n = 24), which has substantially broader outer bracts and is known from the Rodna, Retezat and Fagaras Mts, Romania. Another three species are described that are morphological similar to T. carpaticum: T. pastorum (the Fagaras Mts, Romania), T. iucundum (the Retezat Mts, Romania) and T. pseudoalpestre (the Fagaras Mts, Romania).