Dlouhou dobu se předpokládalo, že populace obývající určitá území Evropy také tato území na konci doby ledové kolonizovaly jako první. Nové výzkumy však ukázaly, že v některých případech byla první příchozí populace později nahrazena jinou, pocházející z jiného glaciálního refugia. Náš článek ukazuje, že k takovému nahrazení jedné populace druhou došlo při kolonizaci Velké Británie norníkem rudým (Clethrionomys glareolus) a že při tom hrály roli fyziologické adaptace způsobené mutací v hemoglobinu., It has long been assumed that the populations that first colonized particular empty territory after the last ice age have remained there until the present day. However, recent findings in small mammals suggest that replacements involving a population from one glacial refugium at the cost of a population from another refugium may have been a not infrequent event. The article demonstrates that such population replacement took place during post-glacial colonization of Great Britain by the Bank Vole (Clethrionomys glareolus) and that physiological differences conferred by haemoglobin have probably played a role in this process., and Petr Kotlík, Silvia Marková, Karolína Filipi, Michaela Strážnická, Jeremy B. Searle.
Three rheophilic species of the western Palaearctic Barbus with adjacent geographic distributions are recognised in the Danube River basin, each diagnosed by a set of unique mitochondrial DNA alleles. Barbus petenyi Heckel, 1852 from the Eastern and Southern Carpathians and from the Stara Planina Mts is redescribed and a neotype is designated. Barbus carpathicus, new species, is distributed in the Western and Eastern Carpathians. Barbus balcanicus, new species, occurs in the Dinaric and Western Stara Planina Mts. The three species are morphologically similar to each other but B. balcanicus can be distinguished by subtle differences in the snout shape and body and fin colour pattern. As evident from genetic data the name B. cyclolepis waleckii Rolik, 1970 was proposed for the hybrids between B. barbus and B. carpathicus and cannot be used as valid.