Chronic inflammation of adipose tissue is associated with the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. Mast cells represent an important component of the innate defense system of the organism. In our work, we quantified mast cell number in epicardial adipose tissue (EAT), subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), and right atrial myocardium (RA) in patients undergoing open heart surgery (n=57). Bioptic samples of EAT (n=44), SAT (n=42) and RA (n=17) were fixed by 4 % paraformaldehyde and embedded into paraffin. An anti-mast cell tryptase antibody was used for immunohistochemical detection and quantification of mast cells. We also demonstrated immunohistochemically the expression of CD117 and chymase markers. In EAT of patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), higher incidence of mast cells has been found compared to patients without CAD (3.7±2.6 vs. 2.1±1.2 cells/mm2 ). In SAT and RA, there was no difference in the number of mast cells in CAD and non-CAD patients. Mast cells in SAT, EAT and RA expressed CD117 and chymase. An increased incidence of mast cells in EAT of CAD patients may indicate the specific role of these inflammatory cells in relation to EAT and coronary arteries affected by atherosclerosis., Karolína Rozsívalová, Aneta Pierzynová, Helena Kratochvílová, Jaroslav Lindner, Michal Lipš, Tomáš Kotulák, Peter Ivák, Ivan Netuka, Martin Haluzík, Tomáš Kučera., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Přestože je implantace kloubních náhrad metodou volby pro řadu postižení pohybového aparátu a u diabetiků je indikována podle stejných principů jako u pacientů bez diabetes mellitus, je implantace endoprotézy u diabetiků sdružená s vysokým rizikem perioperačních komplikací. S přihlédnutím k velmi obtížné a náročné léčbě hluboké infekce kloubní náhrady hraje klíčovou roli prevence komplikací. Předpokladem adekvátní předoperační přípravy a správně vedené perioperační a pooperační péče o pacienty s diabetes mellitus je těsná spolupráce ortopeda, diabetologa a anesteziologa, kteří musí ve své praxi respektovat v předkládaném sdělení prezentovaná specifika svých pacientů diabetiků., While a joint implant is the method of choice for numerous locomotor disorders and it is indicated for diabetic patients based on the same rules as for patients without diabetes mellitus, a joint implant in diabetic patients is associated with a high risk of perioperative complications. Considering a very difficult and demanding treatment of a deep infection of a joint replacement, the prevention of complications plays the key role. A precondition for adequate perioperative preparation and correctly managed perioperative and postoperative care of patients with diabetes mellitus is the close cooperation of the orthopedist, diabetologist and anesthesiologist, who in their practice have to respect the specificities of their diabetic patients presented in submitted reports., and Pavel Šponer, Tomáš Kučera, David Pellar
Základním předpokladem pro úspěšnou léčbu syndromu diabetické nohy je multidisciplinární spolupráce. V optimálním případě diagnostiku a léčbu řídí lékař v podiatrické ambulanci, který je i garantem efektivního využívání finančních prostředků. Obecnou obavou diabetiků je strach ze ztráty končetiny. Na základě mezioborové spolupráce lze v řadě případů zabránit velké amputaci nebo v případě její nutnosti zajistit protetickou a rehabilitační péči. Nové možnosti revaskularizace a spolupráce s antibiotickými centry zvyšují úspěšnost chirurgické léčby syndromu diabetické nohy. Operační výkony na diabetické noze dělíme na operace elektivní, profylaktické, léčebné a emergentní. Cílem elektivních výkonů je korekce deformit, které jsou rizikové pro vznik ulcerací. Operační postupy jsou shodné jako u nediabetiků. Z profylaktických výkonů provádíme rekonstrukční operace při Charcotově artropatii. Speciální operační postupy zahrnuje pojem superkonstrukce. Léčebné výkony pomáhají zhojit ulcerace při selhání konzervativní léčby. Typ výkonu plánujeme s ohledem na rozsah osteomyelitidy a na zásah do architektoniky nohy, abychom zabránili reulceraci. Emergentní výkony provádíme v případě akutní infekce. Základem úspěchu je radikální otevření všech postižených kompartmentů nohy s evakuací abscesů, dostatečná antibiotická léčba a revaskularizace., The basic prerequisite for the successful treatment of the diabetic foot is a multidisciplinary approach. Ideally, the diagnosis and treatment is managed by a podiatrist, who is also responsible for a cost-effective and well-managed setting. General concern of diabetics is the fear of losing a limb. On the basis of multidisciplinary approach is possible to prevent major amputations in many cases, or in case of them to ensure the prosthetic and rehabilitation care. New possibilities of revascularization and cooperation with antibiotic centers increase the success of surgical treatment of diabetic foot syndrome. Surgical procedures could be divided into four classes: elective, prophylactic, curative, emergent. The aim of elective operations is the correction of painful deformities that are at risk for the formation of ulcers. Surgical procedures are the same as in non-diabetics. Prophylactic procedures comprises reconstruction of Charcot foot. Special surgical procedures described the concept of “superconstruct”. Curative procedures help to heal ulcers when conservative treatment fails. Type of procedure is planned with regard of the extent of osteomyelitis and of the intervention in architectonics of the foot to prevent a recurrence of the ulcer. Emergent procedures are performed in case of acute infection. Radical revision of all affected compartments with evacuation of the abscesses, adequate antibiotic therapy and revascularization are essential., and Tomáš Kučera, Jaromír Šrot, Josef Roubal, Pavel Šponer
Osteochondritis dissecans(OCD) of the knee is identified with increasing frequency in the adolescent patient. Left untreated, OCD can cause significant impairment and restriction in physical activity and development of osteoarthritis at an early age. The diagnosis of lesions of OCD can be confirmed on plain radiographs. MRI has emerged as the gold standard to evaluate the stability of the lesion and the integrity of the overlying articular cartilage. Treatment of OCD lesions depend on the stability of the lesion. Stable lesions can be treated conservatively by physical activity modification and immobilization. Unstable lesions and stable lesions not responding to conservative measures should be treated surgically. Surgical options range from arthroscopic drilling, either transarticular or extra-articular drilling for stable lesions or salvage procedures such as autologous chondrocyte transplantation (ACT), mosaicplasty to restore joint and cartilage congruency. and H. H. Shaikh, J. Vícha, T. Proček, J. Pavlata, T. Kučera
BACKGROUND: Though mid-term survival rates of over 95% in several series have been published, there is still a paucity of related literature regarding the role of vertical stem instability in the osteointegration of fluted tapered stems. This paper presents a comprehensive and prospective assessment on short-term experiences with uncemented modular femoral stem in the treatment of defective femur during revision surgery of total hip replacement. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Clinical and radiological monitoring of 20 consecutive patients with implanted tapered fluted revision stem (Lima Corporate, Udine, Italy) was of 27 months in average (20-35 months). The average pre-operative Merle d'Aubigné and Postel method score was 6.3 points (3-10 points). The frequency of femur defects, classified according to Paprosky, was IIIA = 9 and IIIB = 11. RESULTS: During last follow-up, the Merle d'Aubigné and Postel hip score was on average 11.7 (6-16 points). Compared to post-operation radiograph, stem migration of 1.9 mm (0-11 mm) on average was found. This vertical stem migration was observed only when comparing hip radiographs immediately after surgery, and at 6 weeks post-surgery. The Paprosky IIIA defects group, presented a subsided stem by an average of 1.5 mm. In the group of Paprosky IIIB defects, the stem subsidence was on average 2.3 mm. All 20 patients in the study showed excellent osteointegration of the uncemented revision modular stem. CONCLUSIONS: This study found and excellent osteointegration of the Lima uncemented tapered fluted revision modular stem in defective femur with a cortical bone segment present in the diaphyseal isthmus area. The initial vertical instability leading to stem migrating during the first six weeks following surgery did not, however, affect its osteointegration. and P. Šponer, T. Kučera, K. Urban, D. Zítko, D. Diaz-Garcia, M. Grinac
Periprosthetic fractures are the third most common reason for revision total hip arthroplasty. Surgical treatment of periprosthetic fractures belongs to the most difficult procedures due to the extensive surgery, elderly polymorbid patients and the high frequency of other complications. The aim of this study was to evaluate the results of operatively treated periprosthetic femoral fractures after total hip arthroplasty. We evaluated 47 periprosthetic fractures in 40 patients (18 men and 22 women) operated on between January 2004 and December 2010. The mean follow-up period was 27 months (within a range of 12-45 months). For the clinical evaluation, we used modified Merle d'Aubigné scoring system. In group of Vancouver A fractures, 3 patients were treated with a mean score of 15.7 points (good result). We recorded a mean score of 14.2 points (fair result) in 6 patients with Vancouver B1 fractures, 12.4 points (fair result) in 24 patients with Vancouver B2 fractures and 12.7 points (fair result) in 7 patients with Vancouver B3 fractures. In group of Vancouver C fractures, we found a mean score of 16.2 points (good result) in 7 patients. Therapeutic algorithm based on the Vancouver classification system is, in our opinion, satisfactory. Accurate differentiation of B1 and B2 type of fractures is essential. Preoperative radiographic images may not be reliable. If in doubt, checking the stability of the prosthesis fixation during surgery should be performed. and M. Korbel, P. Sponer, T. Kucera, E. Procházka, T. Procek
Our case-based review focuses on limb salvage through operative management of Charcot neuroarthropathy of the diabetic foot. We describe a case, when a below-knee amputation was considered in a patient with chronic Charcot foot with a rocker-bottom deformity and chronic plantar ulceration. Conservative treatment failed. Targeted antibiotic therapy and operative management (Tendo-Achilles lengthening, resectional arthrodesis of Lisfranc and midtarsal joints, fixation with large-diameter axial screws, and plaster cast) were performed. On the basis of this case, we discuss options and drawbacks of surgical management. Our approach led to healing of the ulcer and correction of the deformity. Two years after surgery, we observed a significant improvement in patient's quality of life. Advanced diagnostic and imaging techniques, a better understanding of the biomechanics and biology of Charcot neuroarthropathy, and suitable osteosynthetic material enables diabetic limb salvage. and T. Kučera, P. Šponer, J. Šrot
Charcot foot neuropathic osteoarthropathy is a disorder affecting the soft tissues, joints, and bones of the foot and ankle. The disease is triggered in a susceptible individual through a process of uncontrolled inflammation leading to osteolysis, progressive fractures and articular malpositioning due to joint subluxations and dislocations. The progression of the chronic deformity with a collapsed plantar arch leads to plantar ulcerations because of increased pressure on the plantar osseous prominences and decreased plantar sensation. Subsequent deep soft tissue infection and osteomyelitis may result in amputation. The Charcot foot in diabetes represents an important diagnostic and therapeutic challenge in clinical practice. Conservative treatment remains the standard of the care for most patients with neuropathic disorder. Offloading the foot and immobilization based on individual merit are essential and are the most important recommendations in the active acute stage of the Charcot foot. Surgical realignment with stabilization is recommended in severe progressive neuropathic deformities consisting of a collapsed plantar arch with a rocker-bottom foot deformity. and P. Sponer, T. Kucera, J. Brtková, J. Srot
The aim of this study is to evaluate the results of total hip arthroplasty in patients with Parkinson's disease during a period of five years, focusing on the assessment of the risks and benefits of surgery. During this period we performed total hip arthroplasty in 14 patients (15 hips) with Parkinson's disease. Patients were evaluated by subjective symptoms and objective findings, with a focus on the use of support while walking and walking distance, severity of Parkinson's disease before surgery and at the time of the last follow-up. During the postoperative period, the following parameters were assessed: length of ICU stay, mobilization, complications, the total duration of hospitalization and follow-up care after discharge. Of the 11 patients (12 hips) followed-up 1-5 years with an average of 3 years after operation 8 cases showed progression of neurological disability. 5 patients (6 hips) showed an increased dependence on the use of support when walking and reduced distance that the patient was able to walk. Subjectively, 10 hip joints were completely painless and 2 patients complained of only occasional mild pain in the operated hip. Complications that were encountered were urinary tract infection (5 patients), cognitive impairment (3 patients) and pressure ulcer (2 patients). We did not observe any infection or dislocation of the prosthesis. Three patients fell and fractured the femur and 3 patients in our cohort died during follow up. Implantation of total replacement is possible with judicious indication after careful evaluation of neurological finding in patients with minimal or mild functional impairment of the locomotor system. Prerequisite for a good result is precise surgical technique and optimal implant position with balanced tension of the muscles and other soft tissues around the hip. and PG. Mathew, P. Sponer, T. Kucera, M. Grinac, J. Knízek