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5692. Cybersecurity of small and medium enterprises in the era of internet of things
- Creator:
- Kasl, František
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- internet věcí, Internet of things, cybersecurity, small and medium enterprises, 16, and 34
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The issues related to cybersecurity are being amplified by the growing role of the Internet of Things devices in current digital economy. The focus of this contribution is to examine the challenges of IoT environment for the corporate cybersecurity from the legal perspective with regards to the specific role of small and medium enterprises. It provides an introduction into the environment of SMEs and the transformation of their operations through new technologies, followed by highlights of the cybersecurity challenges brought by the IoT. Core part of the contribution is an analysis of the applicable legal frameworks and discussion of the broader picture with regard to this specific perspective on the regulation of corporate cybersecurity., František Kasl., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
5693. Cycle-free cuts of mutual rank probability relation
- Creator:
- De Loof, Karel, De Baets, Bernard, and De Meyer, Hans
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- partially ordered set, linear extension majority cycle, mutual rank probability relation, minimum cutting level, and cycle-free cut
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- It is well known that the linear extension majority (LEM) relation of a poset of size n≥9 can contain cycles. In this paper we are interested in obtaining minimum cutting levels αm such that the crisp relation obtained from the mutual rank probability relation by setting to 0 its elements smaller than or equal to αm, and to 1 its other elements, is free from cycles of length m. In a first part, theoretical upper bounds for αm are derived using known transitivity properties of the mutual rank probability relation. Next, we experimentally obtain minimum cutting levels for posets of size n≤13. We study the posets requiring these cutting levels in order to have a cycle-free strict cut of their mutual rank probability relation. Finally, a lower bound for the minimum cutting level α4 is computed. To accomplish this, a family of posets is used that is inspired by the experimentally obtained 12-element poset requiring the highest cutting level to avoid cycles of length 4.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
5694. Cycles with a given number of vertices from each partite set in regular multipartite tournaments
- Creator:
- Volkmann, Lutz and Winzen, Stefan
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- multipartite tournaments, regular multipartite tournaments, and cycles
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- If $x$ is a vertex of a digraph $D$, then we denote by $d^+(x)$ and $d^-(x)$ the outdegree and the indegree of $x$, respectively. A digraph $D$ is called regular, if there is a number $p \in \mathbb{N}$ such that $d^+(x) = d^-(x) = p$ for all vertices $x$ of $D$. A $c$-partite tournament is an orientation of a complete $c$-partite graph. There are many results about directed cycles of a given length or of directed cycles with vertices from a given number of partite sets. The idea is now to combine the two properties. In this article, we examine in particular, whether $c$-partite tournaments with $r$ vertices in each partite set contain a cycle with exactly $r-1$ vertices of every partite set. In 1982, Beineke and Little [2] solved this problem for the regular case if $c = 2$. If $c \ge 3$, then we will show that a regular $c$-partite tournament with $r \ge 2$ vertices in each partite set contains a cycle with exactly $r-1$ vertices from each partite set, with the exception of the case that $c = 4$ and $r = 2$.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
5695. Cyclic AMP synchronizes evoked quantal release at frog neuromuscular junctions
- Creator:
- Bukcharaeva, E., Samigullin, D., Nikolsky, E. E., and František Vyskočil
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, acetylcholin, acetylcholine, frog muscle, quantal release, cAMP, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- At frog neuromuscular junction, noradrenaline (NA) shortens the release period for evoked quantal release acting on a b 1 receptor. To test the hypothesis that this action of NA is mediated by cAMP, we measured the latencies of focally recorded uni-quantal endplate currents (EPCs) after application of dibutyryl-cAMP (db-cAMP) and adenylyl cyclase activator, forskolin. The interval between the time when responses with minimal delay appeared and the point at which 90 % of all latencies had occurred (P90 parameter) was shortened in the presence of both 1x10-6 mol/l db-cAMP and 1x10-6 mol/l forskolin by about 30 %. The cAMP-induced shortening is equal to that found after application of NA and effects of both drugs are not additive., E. Bukcharaeva, D. Samigullin, E. E. Nikolsky, F. Vyskočil., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
5696. Cyclicity of the adjoint of weighted composition operators on the Hilbert space of analytic functions
- Creator:
- Kamali, Zahra, Robati, Bahram Khani, and Hedayatian, Karim
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- hypercyclicity, supercyclicity, cyclicity, and weighted composition operators
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- In this paper, we discuss the hypercyclicity, supercyclicity and cyclicity of the adjoint of a weighted composition operator on a Hilbert space of analytic functions.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
5697. Cyclosporin a modifies cytoplasmic calcium levels in isolated hepatocytes exposed to oxidative stress due to tert-butyl hydroperoxide
- Creator:
- Eva Kmoníčková, Ludmila Kameníková, Sixtus Hynie, and Hassan Farghali
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, hypertenze, hypertension, rat hepatocytes, Ca2+i, cyclosporin A, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Within the framework of our studies on hypertension in various rat strains, we have examined the effect of cyclosporin A (CsA) on intracellular calcium signaling under conditions of oxidative stress. For these preliminary experiments, we have chosen isolated hepatocytes of normotensive rats as a model system for the study of the role of intracellular calcium. We used tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP, 1 mmol.l-1) as an prooxidant agent. When compared to the controls, we found increased levels of cytosolic free calcium concentration (Ca2+i) during 120 min incubation. The preincubation of hepatocytes with CsA in the concentration of 0.5 m mol.l-1 did not change the physiological level of cytosolic calcium. However, a dual action of CsA on elevated Ca2+i was observed during oxidative injury of hepatocytes: while in the first period of incubation CsA increased Ca2+i, CsA reduced the effect of t-BHP on Ca2+i during the next period of incubation. This indicates the ability of CsA to modify oxidative stress, but further studies are necessary to explain these findings., E. Kmoníčková, L. Kameníková, S. Hynie, H. Farghali., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
5698. Cyril Lemieux et al.: Pour les sciences sociales. 101 livres [Za sociální vědy. 101 knih]
- Creator:
- Maršálek, Jan
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Language:
- Czech
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:private
5699. Cytokine profile in cases with premature elevation of progesterone serum concentrations during ovarian stimulation
- Creator:
- Nikolettos, N., Asimakopoulos, B., Frank Köster, Schöpper, B., Schulz, Ch., Caglar, G. S., Efthimiadou, A., Pagonopoulou, O., Klaus Diedrich, and Al-Hasani, S.
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, fyziologie, progesteron, růstové faktory, leptin, physiology, progesterone, growth factors, premature elevation of progesterone, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin IL-1β, interleukin IL-6, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The aim of this study was to investigate the concentrations of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), leptin, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6, in cycles with a premature rise of serum progesterone. 25 intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycles with (Group 1) and 25 ICSI cycles without a premature progesterone elevation (Group 2) were included. The cut-off value of serum progesterone on the day of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) administration was 0.9 ng/ml. The indication for ICSI was male factor infertility exclusively. On the day of hCG injection, serum IL-6, VEGF and bFGF were significantly higher in Group 1 (7.7±24.5 pg/ml, 290.2±161.4 pg/ml and 15.7±8.2 ng/ml respectively) than in Group 2 (1.7±0.7 pg/ml, 175.2±92.1 pg/ml, and 9±1.6 ng/ml respectively). On the day of follicular puncture, serum cytokine concentrations were similar in the two groups. IL-6 intrafollicular concentrations were higher in Group 1 (14.7±20.7 pg/ml) than in Group 2 (9±9.3 pg/ml, p=0.031). There were no differences regarding the ICSI outcome. Patients with serum progesterone above 0.9 ng/ml, have elevated serum concentrations of IL-6, VEGF, and bFGF, as well as elevated intrafollicular concentrations of IL-6. The outcome of ICSI cycles is not associated with premature elevation of progesterone when the cut-off value is set at 0.9 ng/ml., N. Nikolettos, B. Asimakopoulos, F. Köster, B. Schöpper, Ch. Schulz, G. S. Caglar, A. Efthimiadou, O. Pagonopoulou, K. Diedrich, S. Al-Hasani., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
5700. Cytokine profile of human septic shock serum inducing cardiomyocyte contractile dysfunction
- Creator:
- Joulin, O., Petillot, P., Labalette, M., Lancel, S., and Neviere, Remi
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, fyziologie, nekróza, stárnutí buněk, human physiology, necrosis, cell aging, heart dysfunction, tumor necrosis factor, interleukin, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- This study was designed to measure nitrite/nitrate and cytokine levels of serum obtained from septic shock patients and to describe potential depressant effects of human septic serum on rat cardiomyocytes. Serum was prepared from 10 non-septic patients and 10 patients with documented septic shock. Adult rat ventricular myocytes were exposed to 20 % serum in the medium. Cardiomyocyte contractility was assessed by measuring shortening fraction and shortening velocity. Serum levels of nitrite/nitrate, a marker of nitric oxide final metabolites, and cytokines (tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL) 1β , 6, 10, 8 and 12p70) were measured. Compared with serum from non-septic patients, serum of septic shock patients induced rapid reduction of the extent and velocity of shortening in isolated cardiomyocytes. Nitrite/nitrate, TNF-α , IL-1β and IL-12p70 concentrations of tested serum for cardiomyocyte studies were not increased in septic serum compared with controls . In contrast, septic serum that induced a depression of in vitro contractility, had increased levels of IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10. We can conclude that the depression of in vitro contractility induced by septic serum is not directly dependent on elevated levels of nitric oxide metabolites, TNF-α or IL-1β. Our results support the view that other cytokines, including IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10, are potent circulating mediators of myocardial depression in cardiomyocytes., O. Joulin, P. Petillot, M. Labalette, S. Lancel, R. Neviere., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public