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7775. Erythrocyte omega-3, omega-6 and trans fatty acids in relation to risk of preeclampsia among women delivering at Harare Maternity Hospital, Zimbabwe

Creator:
Mahomed, K., Williams, Michelle A., King, I. B., and Mudzamiri, S.
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, fyziologie, dietetika, human physiology, dietetics, Zimbabwe, omega-3 mastné kyseliny, omega-6 mastné kyseliny, transmastné kyseliny, preklampsie, omega-3 fatty acids, omega-6 fatty acids, trans fatty acids, preeclampsia, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
a_1 We sought to examine the association between maternal erythrocyte omega-3, omega-6 and trans fatty acids and risk of preeclampsia. We conducted a case-control study of 170 women with proteinuric, pregnancy-induced hypertension and 185 normotensive pregnant women who delivered at Harare Maternity Hospital, Harare, Zimbabwe. We measured erythrocyte omega-3, omega-6 and trans fatty acid as the percentage of total fatty acids using gas chromatography. After multivariate adjustment for confounding factors, women in the highest quartile group for total omega-3 fatty acids compared with women in the lowest quartile experienced a 14 % reduction in risk of preeclampsia (odds ratio 0.86, 95 % confidence interval 0.45 to 1.63). For total omega-6 fatty acids the odds ratio was 0.46 (95 % confidence interval 0.23 to 0.92), although there was suggestion of a slight increase in risk of preeclampsia associated with high levels of arachidonic acid. Among women in the highest quartile for arachidonic acid the odds ratio was 1.29 (95 % confidence interval 0.66 to 2.54). A strong statistically significant positive association of diunsaturated fatty acids with a trans double bond with risk of preeclampsia was observed. Women in the upper quartile of 9-cis 12-trans octadecanoic acid (C18:2n6ct) compared with those in the lowest quartile experienced a 3-fold higher risk of preeclampsia (odds ratio = 3.02, 95 % confidence interval 1.41 to 6.45). Among women in the highest quartile for 9-trans 12-cis octadecanoic acid (C18:2n6tc) the odds ratio was 3.32 (95 % confidence interval 1.55 to 7.13)., a_2 Monounsaturated trans fatty acids were also positively associated with the risk of preeclampsia, although of much reduced magnitude. We observed a strong positive association of trans fatty acids, particularly diunsaturated trans fatty acids, with the risk of preeclampsia. We found little support for the hypothesized in verse association between omega-3 fatty acids and preeclampsia risk in this population. Polyunsaturated fatty acids, particularly omega-3 fatty acids, were comparatively lower in Zimbabwean than among US pregnant women. Given the limited inter-person variation in omega-3 fatty acids among Zimbabwean women, our sample size may be too small to adequately assess the relation in this population., K. Mahomed, M. A. Williams, I. B. King, S. Mudzamiri., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

7776. Escape from democracy? Reading the threat to democracy by Fathali M. Moghaddam

Creator:
Klicperová-Baker, Martina
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
politická psychologie, demokracie, svoboda, diktatura, psychologie demokracie, populismus, political psychology, democracy, freedom, dictatorship, psychology of democracy, and populism
Language:
Czech
Description:
Vzhledem k tomu, že politika je do velké míry aplikovanou psychologií, psychologové by se měli zapojit do analýz současného úpadku demokracie a zvrácení tohoto trendu. Martina Klicperová-Baker uvádí a diskutuje knihu Threat to Democracy (Hrozba demokracii) politického psychologa F. M. Moghaddama. Mnohé z užitečných konceptů, které kniha přináší, se pravděpodobně stanou součástí slovníku politické psychologie, jako např. odrazový můstek k diktátorství, posvátné skupiny, roztříštěná globalizace či politická plasticita; velice aktuální jsou také Moghaddamovo kruhové vysvětlení dějin (upozornění na to, že národy osvobozené od jednoho diktátora se často naleznou v pasti jiného diktátora) a jeho návrh nahradit pojem multikulturalismu pojmem omnikulturalismus, který zdůrazňuje sjednocující humanistické aspekty. Článek je věnován diskusi a propracování hlavních konceptů knihy. Klicperová-Baker rozvíjí Moghaddamův model odrazového můstku a navrhuje jeho grafické schéma; rozšiřuje definici populismu do dichotomie s prosociálním a antisociálním typem, doplňuje „posvátné skupiny“ (náboženství, etnicita a rasa), které diktátoři používají, o dodatečnou kategorii „temných posvátných skupin“, které vyvěrají ze strachu a nenávisti a vedou k negativistické kontra- -identifikaci (rasismus, misogynie, povýšený náboženský moralismus, apriorní protivládní rebelantství, neopodstatněné popírání klimatických změn, homofobie apod). Hlavní polemika se odvíjí kolem pojmu svobody (tzv. připojené a odpojené svobody) a použitelnosti Frommova „útěku od svobody“ v současné situaci. Závěr nabízí možnost, že pokud Frommova myšlenka není dost konsenzuální, je snad možné se shodnout na „útěku od demokracie”. Další diskuse těchto témat je velice vítána. and Since politics is to a great degree applied psychology, psychologists should get involved in the analysis of the current democratic decline and reversal of this trend. Martina Klicperová- Baker introduces and discusses the book Threat to Democracy by a political psychologist, F. M. Moghaddam. Many of its useful concepts will very likely enter the vocabulary of the discipline, e.g., the springboard model to dictatorship, sacred groups, fractured globalization, and political plasticity. Also, Moghaddam’s circular explanation of history (peoples who free themselves from a dictatorship often find themselves trapped by another dictator) and his suggestion to replace multiculturalism with a unifying humanistic orientation (omniculturalism) are very topical. The article is devoted to discussion and elaboration of the main concepts of the book. Klicperová-Baker augments the springboard model of dictatorship theory and converts it into a diagram; she expands definition of populism into a prosocial/antisocial dichotomy; she supplements the “sacred groups” (religion, ethnicity, and race) used by dictators with an additional category of “dark sacred groups” which result from fear and hatred and lead to a negativistic counter-identification (racism, misogyny, malevolent religious self-righteousness, a priori antigovernmental rebelliousness, unsubstantiated climate denial, homophobia). The main point of argument is the concept of freedom (attached and detached freedom) and applicability of Fromm’s “escape from freedom” to the current situation. It is concluded that if Fromm’s idea is not consensual, perhaps the notion of “escape from democracy” is. Further discussion of the matter is very welcome. (The article is in English.).
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

7777. Escherichia coli Administered into Pig Amniotic Cavity Appear in Fetal Airways and Attract Macrophages into Fetal Lungs

Creator:
Igor Šplíchal, Ilja Trebichavský, Šplíchalová, A., Dítětová, L., and Zahradníčková, M.
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, studie, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, fyziologie člověka, human physiology, Intraamniotic infection, Escherichia coli, Pig, Fetal lungs, Macrophages, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
Escherichia coli (2x104 bacteria) of the non-pathogenic O86 strain or enteropathogenic O55 strain were administered into the pig amniotic cavity at 79 to 86 days of gestation for six or ten hours. Translocation of bacteria into fetal lungs was confirmed by cultivation as well as by light and electron microscopy. Infection caused an influx of macrophages that were immunostained in cryostat sections by monoclonal antibody recognizing calprotectin., I. Šplíchal, I. Trebichavský, A. Šplíchalová, L. Dítětová, M. Zahradníčková., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

7778. ESOF 2008 Barcelona

Creator:
Marina Hužvárová and Hrušák, Jan
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Věda. Všeobecnosti. Základy vědy a kultury. Vědecká práce, popularizace vědy, vědní politika, mezinárodní konference, popularization of science, scientific policy, international conferences, Barcelona (Španělsko), Barcelona (Spain), 12, and 00
Language:
Czech
Description:
Marina Hužvárová.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

7779. ESOF 2014 aneb věda staví mosty

Creator:
Marina Hužvárová
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Věda. Všeobecnosti. Základy vědy a kultury. Vědecká práce, mezinárodní konference, věda, mezinárodní vztahy, international conferences, science, international relations, Kodaň (Dánsko), Denmark, Euroscience Open Forum, 12, and 00
Language:
Czech
Description:
Marina Hužvárová.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

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