The present study was designed to determine the influence of temperature and the addition of potassium dichromate solution (K2Cr2O7) on the efficiency of sporulation of Eimeria bovis (Zublin, 1908), a coccidian species most commonly diagnosed in European bison Bison bonasus (Linnaeus). Sporulation under conventional conditions (2.5% dichromate solution, 23 °C) was completed on the fourth day of incubation (control), whereas the oocyst development took two days more at the temperature of 18 °C, and two days less at 28 °C. Additionally, experimental sporulation of E. bovis at the temperature of 23 °C in the environment of sterilised tap water (without any preservation) took 9 days more compared to control. Finally, oocyst development took 16 weeks when the faces were stored in the refrigerator (3-5 °C) without any special additives. Overall, our results indicate that K2Cr2O7, besides the temperature, plays a crucial role in the process of sporulation of oocysts under laboratory conditions, as the longest delay in sporogony was observed when the faeces were stored without any other additives in the temperature of the refrigerator., Anna M. Pyziel, Aleksander W. Demiaszkiewicz., and Obsahuje bibliografii
The Oromo nationalism becomes one of the most sensitive issues within Ethiopian studies or those groups of social scientists dealing with socio-political development of contemporary Ethiopia. On one hand, especially Oromo authors from the diaspora are very active in redefining and reinventing of Ethiopia’s history, on the other hand, mainly Western social scientist tend to analyze Ethiopia’s “ethnic problem” in broader perspectives. The aim of this study is to present some arguments which modify perceptions on the Oromio nationalism as a homogeneous movement heading to independent Oromia. According to my own fieldwork and by studying contemporary scholarly works I came to a conclusion that there are many strategies within Ethiopia which the Oromo people use in order to co-exist with other ethnic groups in Ethiopia and that the will to secede is rather minor phenomenon. Reasons can be found in a complex nature of the Oromo society where many other variables besides ethnicity come into discussion with religion being probably the most important one. That is why I have used examples from both Muslim Oromos as well as Christian Oromos to support my arguments.
The DF III 1 Strahov Manuscript, which preserves the only version of the Vincencius and Jarloch chronicle, has a rich and not too happy history behind it. For a long time it was housed in the Prague Chapter Library, from which it was lost under mysterious circumstances sometime before 1764. It was not discovered again until 1826 by Josef Dietrich, curate at Postoloprty, who donated it to Josef Dobrovský. Dobrovský used it for his edition of what is known as the Ansbert Chronicle and then donated it to the Strahov Monastery Library. If we follow the fortunes of the Codex before its disappearance from the Chapter Library, we find that this evidently happened "thanks" to Václav Prokop Duchovský, Secretary to the Archbishop's Consistory, who did not return the borrowed manuscript to its original place, and kept this fact from Gelasius Dobner, who was looking for the Codex in the library a year later in order to compile an edition of both chronicles. The motive for this behaviour was evidently their mutual poor relations due to Dobner's criticism of Hájek's Chronicle.
The DF III 1 Strahov Manuscript, which preserves the only version of the Vincencius and Jarloch chronicle, has a rich and not too happy history behind it. For a long time it was housed in the Prague Chapter Library, from which it was lost under mysterious circumstances sometime before 1764. It was not discovered again until 1826 by Josef Dietrich, curate at Postoloprty, who donated it to Josef Dobrovský. Dobrovský used it for his edition of what is known as the Ansbert Chronicle and then donated it to the Strahov Monastery Library. If we follow the fortunes of the Codex before its disappearance from the Chapter Library, we find that this evidently happened "thanks" to Václav Prokop Duchovský, Secretary to the Archbishop's Consistory, who did not return the borrowed manuscript to its original place, and kept this fact from Gelasius Dobner, who was looking for the Codex in the library a year later in order to compile an edition of both chronicles. The motive for this behaviour was evidently their mutual poor relations due to Dobner's criticism of Hájek's Chronicle.
The article brings brief information about the elementary manuscript holdings of the Paris National Library focusing on the occurrence of albums, especially those containing entries connected with Bohemia. As well as a series of albums belonging to foreigners who travelled to Bohemia or were given entries by Czech students on their sojourns abroad, the collection houses a rather exceptional manuscript – the album of Frederick V. The voluminous manuscript in sumptuous binding, the copy of which was gained by the National Museum Library, is worth a more detailed investigation in international context too. The study of the albums focused on finding out Latin occasional poetry connected with Bohemia, but its results are rather poor.
In the present study, we determine the presence of parasites in fish larvae collected from nearshore waters along the northern and central coast of Chile. The parasites were identified to the lowest possible taxonomic level based on morphological and molecular analyses. The fish sample was composed of 5 574 fish larvae. Of these, 3% harboured only larval ectoparasitic copepods whereas no endoparasites were found in the 1 141 fish evaluated for this group of parasites. The parasitic copepods collected were initially classified as 'morphotypes' according to differences in morphological characteristics. They were then analysed using molecular techniques based on the 28S and COI genes. Seven morphotypes of parasitic copepods (mostly at chalimus stages) were recognised: two of the morphotypes belonged to Pennellidae Burmeister, 1835, three to Caligidae Burmeister, 1835 and two were not identified. Only five morphotypes of copepods were analysed using molecular sequences, which confirmed the existence of six species: two pennellids of the genus Trifur Wilson, 1917 and two caligids of the genus Caligus Müller, 1785, plus two additional species that were morphologically different from these taxa. The pennellids were present in several fish species, being generally more prevalent than the caligids, in both the central and northern localities of Chile. Multispecies infections in larval fish were infrequent (< 1%). We conclude that fish larvae were rich in parasites, considering that these hosts exhibited small body sizes and were very young. We suggest that fish larvae could play a role, as intermediate hosts, in the life cycle of the parasitic copepods found., Gabriela Muñoz, Mauricio F. Landaeta, Pamela Palacios-Fuentes, Zambra López, María Teresa González., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Abiotic and biotic factors determine success or failure of individual organisms, populations and species. The early life stages are often the most vulnerable to heavy mortality due to environmental conditions. The deer ked (Lipoptena cervi Linnaeus, 1758) is an invasive insect ectoparasite of cervids that spends an important period of the life cycle outside host as immobile pupa. During winter, dark-coloured pupae drop off the host onto the snow, where they are exposed to environmental temperature variation and predation as long as the new snowfall provides shelter against these mortality factors. The other possible option is to passively sink into the snow, which is aided by morphology of pupae. Here, we experimentally studied passive snow sinking capacity of pupae of L. cervi. We show that pupae have a notable passive snow sinking capacity, which is the most likely explained by pupal morphology enabling solar energy absorption and pupal weight. The present results can be used when planning future studies and when evaluating possible predation risk and overall survival of this invasive ectoparasite species in changing environmental conditions., Sirpa Kaunisto, Hannu Ylönen, Raine Kortet., and Obsahuje bibliografii