Ground-dwelling sciurids, including prairie dogs (Cynomys), marmots (Marmota) and several genera of ground squirrels (e.g. Ammospermophilus, Spermophilus, Notocitellus, Ictidomys, Urocitellus), emit alarm calls in the presence of predators to warn their kin. These calls show high intra- and inter-species variation. The alarm calls of many species have potential to encode information about caller identity, and possibly enable the ground squirrels to recognize unreliable callers or to estimate the degree of risk. The alarm calls can be used to determine species or subspecies, and can also help resolve some taxonomic complexities. and Irena Schneiderová.
The article summarises results of our research on inter- and intra-species variability in alarm calls (emitted in the presence of predator) of the European Ground Squirrel (Spermophilus citellus) and closely related species (Taurus Ground Squirrel - S. taurensis, Anatolian Ground Squirrel - S. xanthoprymnus). Alarm calls of all three species mostly consist of two different elements; individuals producing alarm calls with only one of them were, however, also recorded. Although their alarm calls share the same basic structure, the three species can be clearly distinguished. Significant inter-individual differences allow identification of particular callers in a colony. and Irena Schneiderová, Richard Policht.
Práce podává přehled práce francouzského experimentálního psychologa Alfreda Bineta (1857–1911) v oblasti studia disociačních jevů. V úvodu jsou uvedeny základní profesní a biografické údaje a dále popis jeho díla v oblasti studia hypnózy, hysterie a obecně problematiky disociačních jevů. Pozornost je věnována hlavním dílům k této problematice, která jsou popisována chronologicky a v souvislosti s Binetovým odborným vývojem i širší situací v oboru psychologie. Práce představuje méně známé dílo francouzského psychologa přelomu 19. a 20., který se proslavil především studiem teorie a měření inteligence., The article reviews works of famous experimental psychologist Alfred Binet (1857-1911) in the area of dissociative phenomena studies. Introductory part of the article provides the basic professional and biographic information and further description of Binet’s work in the area of hypnosis, hysteria and generally area of dissociative phenomenon is given. Special attention is given to the main books written on these topics. The works are described in chronological order and in relation to Binet’s professional development. The article presents less known work of famous French psychologist of turn of 19th and 20th century, famous above all with the studies of intelligence., Radek Ptáček., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
The Tiebori Department of Phototrophic Microorganisms of the Institute of Microbiology received a donation from the Operational Programme, Research and Innovation for Development, for construction and operation of a new scientific research Centre of algal biotechnologies. The implementation phase (begun January 1, 2011) aims to develop new cultivation equipment and algal biomass processing practices for the production of biofuel, animal feeding, food supplements and for the isolation of valuable substances. The project will also focus on research in the area of photosynthesis, developing new measuring devices and educating students in these areas. and Ondřej Prášil a Petra Pfeiferová.
This article examines the thoughts of Ali Abd al-Raziq, an important Egyptian scholar and author of a book called Islam and the Bases of Rule (al-Islam wa Usul al-Hukm), published in 1925. In this work, Abd al-Raziq presented fundamental arguments in support of the separation of religion and politics, which were fully supported by a very original analysis of Islam's holy text, the Quran, as well as by the historical situation of the Muslim community at the time of the Prophet Muhammad. Although the publication of this book caused a great scandal in Egypt, with its author being forced to withdraw from Egyptian public life for quite a long period of time, the arguments contained in the book represent an important contribution to the debates about the desirable degree of linkage between Islam and politics in the Muslim world., Jan Kondrys., and Obsahuje bibliografii