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17852. Zoonotic Enterocytozoon bieneusi in raw wastewater in Zhengzhou, China

Creator:
Ye, Jianbin, Yan, Ji, Xu, Jia, Ma, Ke, and Yang, Xuepeng
Format:
print, počítač, and online zdroj
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
dešťové srážky, genotyp, rainfall, genotype, microsporidiosis, 2, and 59
Language:
English
Description:
Contamination of Enterocytozoon bieneusi Desportes, Charpentier, Galian, Bernard, Cochand-Priollet, Laverne, Ravisse, et Modigliani, 1985 in water sources may cause outbreaks of microsporidiosis. To examine the occurrence of E. bieneusi, 108 raw wastewater samples were collected from three wastewater treated plants in Zhengzhou, China. In total, 46 samples were PCR positive for E. bieneusi. A total of 15 ITS genotypes was identified, including ten known genotypes (D, BEB6, I, J, PigEbIX, PigEBITS5, EbpA, Peru6, Peru8, Type IV) and five novel genotypes (HNWW1, HNWW2, HNWW3, HNWW4, HNWW5). Nine genotypes belonged to a known zoonotic group (group 1) and the other genotypes belonged to potential zoonotic group (group 2). Most of the genotypes had been identified in wildlife or domestic animals in former reports in Zhengzhou. The occurrence of E. bieneusi in wastewater was probably related to the rainfall day before sampling. Of 36 sampling days, 20 days had rainfall on the previous day and 16 days had none. As many as 43 of 60 samples were found to be E. bieneusi-positive in the 20 days which had rainfall on the previous day. Only three of 48 samples were found to be E. bieneusi-positive in the 16 days without rainfall the day before. The significant difference of the occurrence of E. bieneusi was observed between wet days and dry days by t-test (43/60 vs 3/48, p < 0.01). This indicates that the occurrence of E. bieneusi in wastewater in Zhengzhou mainly originated from animals and was probably related to rainfall the day before sample collection. Given the zoonotic genotypes detected in wastewater, animal faeces should be treated appropriately before being drained into the water source., Jianbin Ye, Ji Yan, Jia Xu, Ke Ma, Xuepeng Yang., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

17853. Zostavme si digitálny hudobný nástroj pomocou Arduina

Creator:
Hruška, Martin, Spodniaková Pfefferová, Miriam, and Holec, Stanislav
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
fyzika, physics, 6, and 53
Language:
Czech and English
Description:
Fyzikálne vzdelávanie v rámci prírodovedného a technického vzdelávania je vo vyspelých krajinách považované za dôležité. Pritiahnuť mladých ľudí a inšpirovať ich učiteľov pri vzdelávaní v týchto školských predmetoch je viacročnou ambíciou aj autorov tohto článku. V tomto článku sa zameriavame na využitie lacnej vývojovej dosky s jednočipovým mikropočítačom Arduino Uno R3 pri konštrukcii jednoduchého hudobného zariadenia - syntetizátora - a jeho následného využitia vo výučbe. Samotná konštrukcia zariadenia môže byť námetom na časovo náročnejšiu bádateľskú aktivitu (v zmysle IBSE - Inquiry Based Science Education). Súčasťou článku sú aj námety na ďalšie bádateľské aktivity, od časovo náročnejšej, venovanej konštrukcii syntetizátora, až po jednoduchšie, zrealizovateľné v rámci jednej vyučovacej hodiny., Physics education is considered to be important in science and technology education in developed countries. Attracting young people and inspiring their teachers for these subjects is a long-term ambition of the authors of this article. In this paper, we focus on using a low-cost development board with a single-chip microcomputer Arduino Uno R3 in the construction of a simple music device - a synthesizer - and its subsequent use in teaching. The design of the device itself can be the subject of a time-consuming inquiry-based activity (in terms of IBSE - Inquiry Based Science Education). This article also includes suggestions for further inquiry-based activities, from the more time-consuming construction of the synthesizer to simpler ones, that can be achieved within one lesson., Martin Hruška, Miriam Spodniaková Pfefferová, Stanislav Holec., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

17856. Zur Vinaya-Rezeption in der frühen Kamakura-Zeit: Das Thôshôdai-ji shaka-nenbutsu ganmon. Jôkei-Studien II

Creator:
Henning, Hans Martin
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
Hossô-monk Jôkei and medieval Japanese society
Language:
English
Description:
The Japanese Hossô-monk Jôkei (1155-1213) is one of the better-known contemporaries of the famous Hônen (1133-1212), whose Pure Land School (Jôdo-shû) became so influential in medieval Japanese society. The Tôshôdaiji shaka-nenbutsu ganmon of Jôkei, however, is an interesting example for the often overlooked renaissance of the Japanese Vinaya School (Kairistu-shû) at that time. Being the second in a series of translations of important texts by Jôkei, the present article tries also to discuss this ganmon in the context of Jôkei´s thought.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

17857. α-actin down regulation and perforin loss in uterine natural killer cells from LPS-treated pregnant mice

Creator:
Zavan, B., Amarante-Paffaro A. M. do, and Paffaro, V. A.
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, těhotenství, fyziologie, pregnancy, physiology, α-actin, perforin, UNK, lipopolysaccharide, mouse, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
One of the most abundant immunologic cell types in early decidua is the uterine natural killer (UNK) cell that despite the presence of cytoplasmic granules rich in perforin and granzymes does not degranulate in normal pregnancy. UNK cells are important producers of angiogenic factors that permit normal dilation of uterine arteries to provide increased blood flow for the growing feto-placental unit. Gram-negative bacteria lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration can trigger an imbalance of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines impairing the normal immune cells activity as well as uterine homeostasis. The present study aimed to evaluate by immunohistochemistry the reactivity of perforin and α-actin on UNK cell from LPStreated pregnant mice. For the first time, we demonstrate that LPS injection in pregnant mice causes α-actin down regulation, concomitantly with perforin loss in UNK cells. This suggests that LPS alters UNK cell migration and activates cytotoxic granule release., B. Zavan, A. M. do Amarante-Paffaro, V. A. Paffaro Jr., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

17858. α-ideals in 0-distributive posets

Creator:
Mokbel, Khalid A
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
0-distributive poset, ideal, α-ideal, prime ideal, non-dense ideal, minimal ideal, and annihilator ideal
Language:
English
Description:
The concept of α-ideals in posets is introduced. Several properties of α-ideals in 0-distributive posets are studied. Characterization of prime ideals to be α-ideals in 0- distributive posets is obtained in terms of minimality of ideals. Further, it is proved that if a prime ideal I of a 0-distributive poset is non-dense, then I is an α-ideal. Moreover, it is shown that the set of all α-ideals α Id(P) of a poset P with 0 forms a complete lattice. A result analogous to separation theorem for finite 0-distributive posets is obtained with respect to prime α-ideals. Some counterexamples are also given.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

17859. γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) induced in vitro differentiation of rat pancreatic ductal stem cells into insulin-secreting islet-like cell clusters

Creator:
Ghani, M. W. , Yi, Z., Jiang, W., Ye, L. , Bin, L. , Cun, L. G., Birmani, M. W. , and Mei, X.
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
γ-aminobutyric acid, pancreatic ductal stem cells, differentiation, and insulin-secreting cells
Language:
English
Description:
In vitro produced β-like cells can provide promising cell therapy for curing the epidemic of diabetes. In this context, we aimed to investigate the effects of different concentrations of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) on the differentiation of rat pancreatic ductal epithelial-like stem cells (PDESCs) into β-like cells. The PDESC line cells were cultured in the basal media (DMEM/F12 + 10% FBS + 1% penicillinstreptomycin) supplemented with 0 µM, 5 µM, 50 µM, 500 µM, and 5 mM of GABA for 28 days to induce their differentiation. The differentiated cells were detected by cell morphology, dithizone (DTZ) staining, immunofluorescence staining, real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) assay to validate their identity. At the end of 28 days, compared with the control group, enrichment of induced cells was high among the 5 μM, 50 μM, 500 μM, and 5 mM GABA induction groups. The formation of islet-like cell clusters (ICCs) began at 14 days, and the cell clusters showed a growth trend with the culture time. The induced ICCs were positive for DTZ staining, while the control group showed negative results for DTZ staining and the differentiated cells were also positive for β-cell-specific markers (Ins1 and Pdx1). GSIS assay of 50 μM induction group cells at 28 days showed significantly higher levels of C-peptide and insulin secretion than the control, 5 μM, 500 μM, and 5 mM GABA-treated groups (P < 0.01). At the same time, the 50 μM induction group cells also showed significantly higher levels of Ins1, Pdx1 and Nkx6.1 mRNA as compared to the 5 μM, 500 μM and 5 mM GABA groups (P < 0.01). Thus, the addition of GABA to the basal medium effectively induced differentiation of adult rat PDESCs into insulin-secreting β-like cells, and 50 μM was the most effective concentration for the induction.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

17860. ϕ-divergences, sufficiency, Bayes sufficiency, and deficiency

Creator:
Liese, Friedrich
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
divergences, sufficiency, Bayes sufficiency, and deficiency
Language:
English
Description:
\vspace{-1.6cm} The paper studies the relations between ϕ-divergences and fundamental concepts of decision theory such as sufficiency, Bayes sufficiency, and LeCam's deficiency. A new and considerably simplified approach is given to the spectral representation of ϕ-divergences already established in Österreicher and Feldman \cite{OestFeld} under restrictive conditions and in Liese and Vajda \cite{LiV06}, \cite{LiV08} in the general form. The simplification is achieved by a new integral representation of convex functions in terms of elementary convex functions which are strictly convex at one point only. Bayes sufficiency is characterized with the help of a binary model that consists of the joint distribution and the product of the marginal distributions of the observation and the parameter, respectively. LeCam's deficiency is expressed in terms of ϕ-divergences where ϕ belongs to a class of convex functions whose curvature measures are finite and satisfy a normalization condition.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

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