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32303. Sekundarizace pracovního trhu v ČR: příklad práce pokladních v prodejnách zahraničních obchodních řetězců

Creator:
Marcel Tomášek and Radka Dudová
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
trh práce, pracovní podmínky, zaměstnanci, diskriminace, labor market, trading companies, working conditions, employees, discrimination, 4, and 331
Language:
Czech
Description:
Secondary labour markets usually involve job positions with forced flexibility and non-standard working conditions (part-time contracts, fixed-term contracts, work without a contract). They are characterized by no advancement prospects or opportunities for further education, exhausting physical work with inadequate wages and job insecurity, and a frequently long and tiring commute. The working conditions in this sector of the labour market often contribute to marginalization and then to the social exclusion of those who happen to be caught long term in this sector of the labour market instead of preventing and saving them from the risk of marginalization and social exclusion. One of the ways in which secondarization occurs is the universal introduction of part-time contracts in a particular sector of the labour market which then becomes an involuntary trap of underemployment, underpaid wage, insecurity and discrimination. The profession of cashier in foreigner retail chains is an example of such a development. This qualitative study shows the step by step degradation of the employment conditions in this sector and how the lives of women and men working in the sector have deteriorated. At the same time, the condition and status of the profession overall are declining. This phenomenon is referred to as the "secondarization" process, Marcel Tomášek, Radka Dudová., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

32304. Sekvenační technologie nové generace

Creator:
Alena Fornůsková and Josef Bryja
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Věda. Všeobecnosti. Základy vědy a kultury. Vědecká práce, mezinárodní konference, genetika, evoluční genetika, international conferences, genetics, evolutionary genetics, Česko, Czechia, 12, and 00
Language:
Czech
Description:
Alena Fornůsková a Josef Bryja.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

32306. Selected sex related differences in pathophysiology of cardiovascular system

Creator:
Kittnar, Otomar
Format:
počítač and online zdroj
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
sex related differences, cardiovascular system, and sex hormones
Language:
English
Description:
The annual incidence of cardiovascular diseases is agedependently increasing both in men and women, however, the prevalence is higher in men until midlife. The higher incidence of cardiovascular disease in men than in women of similar age, and the menopause-associated increase in cardiovascular disease in women, has led to speculation that gender-related differences in sex hormones might have a key role in the development and evolution of cardiovascular disease. There are several suggested pathways in which gender and sex hormones can affect human cardiovascular system to produce original sexually different pathophysiology between women and men. Sex steroid hormones and their receptors are critical determinants of cardiovascular gender differences. Also arterial blood pressure is typically lower in women than in men what could be explained particularly by greater synthesis of nitric oxide (NO) in women. Female cardiomyocytes have a greater survival advantage when challenged with oxidative stress, suggesting that female hormones may play an important role in antioxidative protection of myocardium. It was also demonstrated in animal models that combination of XX chromosomes versus an XY chromosomes enhances sex differences in higher HDL cholesterol. Women were found to have reduced sympathetic activity (reflected by lower total peripheral resistance) and pulmonary artery pressure and enhanced parasympathetic activity relative to men. Similarly, men were found to have higher plasma norepinephrine levels than women. Regarding differences between the sexes in electrophysiology of the heart, two principle mechanisms have been proposed to explain them: hormonal effects on the expression or function of ion channels or, conversely, differences in autonomic tone. To improve diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases, greater focus on understanding the molecular and cellular physiology of the sex steroid hormones and their receptors in the cardiovascular system will be required.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

32307. Selecting coefficients for image processing using non-supervised neural nets

Creator:
Isasi, Pedro, Velasco, Manuel, and Segovia, Javier
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
non-supervised neural nets, sensitivity analysis, image classification, and face recognition
Language:
English
Description:
This paper introduces a new sensitivity analysis method using nonsupervised neural nets, based on the Adaptive Resonance Theory (ART).This new method introduces the possibility of a sensitivity analysis being adaptive and being conducted at the saine tirne as net learning is taking place, taking advantage of the property of continuous (as opposed to phase-wise) learning of ART models. A sensitivity analysis can be conducted likewise, i.e. continuous by and capably adapting to any new relationships appearing among the input data. The method has been validated in the field of feature detection for iniage classification and, more specifically, for face recognition.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

32308. Selection and correction of weighted rules based on Łukasiewicz's fuzzy logic with evaluated syntax

Creator:
Ivánek, Jiří
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
uncertain knowledge, fuzzy implication, rule base, Łukasiewicz's fuzzy logic with evaluated syntax, and composition function
Language:
English
Description:
The core of the expert knowledge is typically represented by a set of rules (implications) assigned with weights specifying their (un)certainties. In the paper, a method for hierarchical selection and correction of expert's weighted rules is described particularly in the case when Łukasiewicz's fuzzy logic with evaluated syntax for dealing with weights is used.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

32309. Selective attention model of moving objects

Creator:
Borisyuk, Roman, Chik, David, and Kazanovich, Yakov
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
Partial synchronization, visual pointer, object tracking, phase oscillator, and spiking neuron model
Language:
English
Description:
Tracking moving objects is a vital visual task for the survival of an animal. We describe oscillatory neural network models of visual attention with a central element that can track a moving target among a set of distracters on the screen. At the initial stage, the model forms the focus of attention on an arbitrary object that is considered as a target. Other objects are treated as distracters. We present here two models: 1) synchronisation based model designed as a network of phase oscillators and 2) spiking neural model which is based on the idea of resource-limited parallel visual pointers. Selective attention and the tracking process are represented by the partial synchronisation between the central unit and a subgroup of peripheral elements. Simulation results are in overall agreement with the findings from psychological experiments: overlapping between the target and distractors is the main source of errors.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

32310. Selective inhibition of NF-κB and surfactant therapy in experimental meconium-induced lung injury

Creator:
Kopincova, J., Mikolka, P., Kolomaznik, M., Kosutova, P, Andrea Čalkovská, and Daniela Mokrá
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, záněty, inflammations, meconium-induced lung injury, surfactant treatment, NF-κB, IKK-NBD, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
Meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) in newborns is characterized mainly by respiratory failure due to surfactant dysfunction and inflammation. Previous meta-analyses did not prove any effect of exogenous surfactant treatment nor glucocorticoid administration on final outcome of children with MAS despite oxygenation improvement. As we supposed there is the need to intervene in both these fields simultaneously, we evaluated therapeutic effect of combination of exogenous surfactant and selective inhibitor of NF-κB (IKK-NBD peptide). Young New Zealand rabbits were instilled by meconium suspension and treated by surfactant alone or surfactant in combination with IKK-NBD, and oxygen-ventilated for 5 h. PaO2/FiO2, oxygenation index, oxygen saturation and ventilation efficiency index were evaluated every hour; post mortem, total and differential leukocyte counts were investigated in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and inflammatory, oxidative and apoptotic markers were assessed in lung tissue homogenates. Exogenous surfactant combined with IKK-NBD improved oxygenation, reduced neutrophil count in BALF and levels of IL-1β, IL-6, p38 MAPK and caspase 3 in comparison with surfactant-only therapy. It seems that inhibition of inflammation may be strong supporting factor in surfactant treatment of MAS., J. Kopincova, P. Mikolka, M. Kolomaznik, P. Kosutova, A. Calkovska, D. Mokra., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

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