The article examines the theoretical development of Czech sociology of religion during the period of communist rule, which widely affected the social sciences in general and research on religion in particular. The author divides the period into three different stages. First, from the very end of the 1940s to the beginning of the 1960s sociology as a whole was abolished as a 'bourgeois pseudo-science', and any discourse on religion was possible only in purely negativistic, anti-religious terms. However, some scholars (most notably A. Kolman, E. Kadlecová and I. Sviták) established less ideological attitudes and called for deeper sociological analyses of religion at the end of the 1950s and the start of the 1960s. Their 'revisionism' eventually won out in the 1960s, in the second stage, when Czech sociology of religion achieved international acceptance and Kadlecová became (for a short time) the author of the state's new religious policy. Although these scholars (V. Gardavský and M. Machovec) accepted a wider definition of religiosity and debated with Christian scholars, they remained Marxists. They were convinced religion is doomed to extinction. The last stage began after the violent termination of the Prague Spring in 1968 and lasted throughout the era of the so-called normalisation in the 1970-80s. Progressive scholars were removed from their posts. The official sociology of religion changed its name to 'scientific atheism', but the outcomes of its work were far from any standard of excellence, both in the theoretical and empirical fields. Research from the era of official neo-Stalinism was very poor in quality, but during that time very important unofficial scientific contributions did emerge, written by banned sociologists (E. Kadlecová, J. Šiklová), social theologians (B. Komárková), and Czechs in exile. Unfortunately, since 1989 the reception of these works has been narrow. With the abolition of official Marxist scientific atheism there is an opportunity for the spread of truly modern sociological approaches to religion - if only there were enough students.
Článek má dvě části. V první části se pokouší podat širší přehled o empirickém sociologickém výzkumu v České republice na základě dostupných dat z databází vědy a výzkumu. V textu jsou pak uvedeny hlavní producenti empirických výzkumů v ČR a také tematické zaměření těchto výzkumů. V druhé části článku je popsán přístup k již dostupným datovým zdrojům, zejména k těm souborům, které jsou uloženy v Sociologickém datovém archivu. Jsou také popsána významná mezinárodní šetření, která proběhla na území ČR a přístup k datovým souborům vzniklých v jejich rámci., The text has two parts. The first part attempts to give a broader overview of empirical sociological research in the Czech Republic on the basis of available data from project databases. The main producers of empirical research in the Czech Republic and the thematic focus of this research are then analyzed. In the second part of the article the access to the already available data sources is described, especially to those data files that are stored in the Sociological Data Archive. Important international surveys, which took place also in the Czech Republic and access to data files from this projects is then presented., and Tomáš Čížek.
Recenzent komplexně pojaté monografie o způsobech trávení volného času v české poststalinské společnosti, jež navazuje na dvoudílného Průvodce kulturním děním a životním stylem v českých zemích 1948-1967 svých autorů (Praha, Academia 2011), představuje a diskutuje některé obecné závěry této publikace. Rozšíření prostoru volného času v české společnosti druhé poloviny padesátých let minulého století Knapík s Francem pojímají jako výsledek dvou procesů, totiž modernizačního úsilí komunistického vedení a celoevropského modernizačního trendu. Jejich tvrzení, že tento obecnější civilizační trend přispíval k odcizování občanů od politického vedení země, je však dle recenzenta v rozporu s bohatým empirickým materiálem předloženým autory, který ukazuje spíš na to, že na ideologizaci volného času se podílely mnohé společenské organizace a kulturní či osvětové instituce. Také navazující tezi o dohlížitelském a výchovném charakteru poststalinského socialismu autoři podle něj svými konkrétními rozbory částečně zpochybňují. Nejednoznačných odpovědí se pak autoři dobírají na svou ústřední otázku, jakou účinnost měly snahy vládnoucí moci ovlivňovat privátní život občanů. Recenzent se také domnívá, že autoři měli zdůvodnit neobvyklé časové vymezení práce a geografické omezení na prostor českých zemí, respektive jeho odlišnost od Slovenska., The reviewer presents this complexly conceived monograph about the ways of spending one’s free time in post-Stalinist Czech society, which follows on from the same authors’ two-volume Průvodce kulturním děním a životním stylem v českých zemích 1948-1967 (A guide to cultural events and lifestyle in the Bohemian Lands, 1948-67; Prague: Academia, 2011), and he discusses some of the general conclusions of the publication. The growth of leisure possibilities in Czech society in the second half of the 1950s is explained by the authors, Knapík and Franc, as the result of the modernization efforts of the Communist leadership and also of the modernizing trend in Europe. According to the reviewer, however, their claim that this more or less general trend of civilization helped to alienate the public from the political leadership of the country is contradicted by the abundant empirical material they themselves present. That material, instead, provides evidence that many social organizations and institutions of the arts and education participated in the ideologization of leisure. With their analyses, the authors, according to the reviewer, also partly cast into doubt their own subsequent argument about the supervisory and educational nature of post-Stalinist Socialism. The authors then come up with ambiguous answers to their central question of the effectiveness of the rulers’ efforts to influence private life in Czechoslovakia. The reviewer also thinks that the authors should have explained the unusual time span of their work and why they have restricted themselves geographically to the Bohemian Lands; he claims that they should have stated how the Bohemian Lands were in this respect different from Slovakia., [autor recenze] Zdeněk Nebřenský., and Obsahuje bibliografii
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Czech Society of Experimental Plant Biology was established in the early 90s in the last century. It followed-up to an activity of the Physiological Section of Czech Botanical Society. Gaining the independence of the Physiological Society, a new professional society was established. In 2008, it was transformed to the Czech Society of Experimental Plant Biology. Thanks to the great development of methods in the last 20 years, especially of molecular biology used to investigate plants on different levels, the term “physiology” became limited, therefore it is nowadays often replaced by a more exact “experimental plant biology”. Naturally, this worldwide trend asserts oneself also in our countries. The research fields included are not restricted to the pure laboratory or theoretical ones. and Lubomír Nátr, Jana Albrechtová.
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