We consider face-to-face partitions of bounded polytopes into convex polytopes in d for arbitrary d ≥ 1 and examine their colourability. In particular, we prove that the chromatic number of any simplicial partition does not exceed d+ 1. Partitions of polyhedra in 3 into pentahedra and hexahedra are 5- and 6-colourable, respectively. We show that the above numbers are attainable, i.e., in general, they cannot be reduced.
The combination method of results of different space geodetic techniques gives two kinds of products. On the one hand, the Earth orientation parameters (EOP) that define the orientation of the Earth in space and, on the other, the coordinates of collocation stations by them the ITRF is realized. Obtained results are based on the method developed by authors, so called “non-rigorous” combination of the data. Approximately eight-year data was successively processed in order to obtain solutions of both products, which were then compared with the results given in ITRF 2005 solution., Vojtěch Štefka, Jan Kostelecký, and Ivan Pešek., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Combined administration of drugs elevating extracellular adenosine, namely dipyridamole and adenosine monophosphate, together with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor was shown to enhance granulopoietic recovery in the bone marrow of mice treated with 5-fluorouracil. Enhanced regeneration was found both at the level of hematopoietic progenitor cells for granulocytes and macrophages and in the compartment of morphologically recognizable granulocyte precursors. The results might have positive clinical impact. The adjunct use of drugs elevating extracellular adenosine might reduce the cost expenditure of therapy with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor., M. Hofer, M. Pospíšil, L. Weiterová, V. Znojil, J. Vácha, J. Holá, A. Vacek, I. Pipalová., and Obsahuje bibliografii
This study presents different types of neural network algorithm based model forecasting gas consumption for residential and commercial consumers in Istanbul in Turkey. Using seven neural networks algorithms as forecasting models, we tried to find the best solution on forecasting of monthly natural gas consumption. These models were validated and tested on real monthly data from a distribution area covering two different regions of Anatolian and European sides in Istanbul. The analysis of results obtained for training and test sets show that the seven proposed artificial neural network models could be useful for the natural gas consumption forecast problem. It was shown that a conjugate gradient descent neural network model presented a more efficient solution than the other models.
Combining classifiers, so-called Multiple Classifier Systems (MCSs), gained a lot of interest has recent years. Researchers, developed a large variety of methods in order to exploit strengths of individual classifiers. In this paper, we address the problem of how to implement a multi-class classifier by an ensemble of one-class classifiers. To improve performance of a compound classifier, different individual classifiers (which may, e.g., differ in complexity, type, training algorithm or other) can be combined and that could increase its both performance, and robustness. The model of one-class classifiers can only recognize one of the classes, therefore, it is quite difficult to produce MCSs on the basis of one-class classifiers. Thus, we introduce a new scheme for decision-making in MCSs through a fuzzy inference system. Specifically, we address two important open problems in the context: model selection and combiner training. Classifiers' outputs as supports for given classes are combined by means of a fuzzy engine. Thus, we are interested in such individual classifiers which can return support for given classes. There are no other restrictions on the used classifiers. The proposed model has been evaluated by computer experiments on several benchmark datasets in the Matlab environment. Their results prove that fuzzy combination of binary classifiers may be a valuable classifier itself. Additionally, there are indicated both some application areas of the models, and new research frontiers to be examined.
Double stars five us not only insight into stellar masses, dimensions, and luminosities (as has been appreciated for many years), but also clues as to the late stages of evolution, as in novae and combination variables, where late type giant or supergiant stars are paired with small, hot companions. Some even provide information on atomic spectra, notably iron, whose emission lines are displayed so prominently in objects such as XX Oph and RR Tel.
We analyzed patterns of geometrid species richness in South Korea to assess the observed and estimated species richness gradient, to determine predictors for the distribution of moths and to investigate the effect of latitude on the species richness of moths in the Korean peninsula. The species richness was analyzed for 541 geometrid moths across 17 quadrates, with each quadrate defined by one degree of latitude and longitude. Two subgroups of geometrid moths were adopted according to their distributional ranges: Palearctic (435 species, 80.4%) and Oriental (106 species, 19.6%). To investigate the relationship between the distribution of geometrid moths and environment, eight variables were used. The estimated species richness of geometrids was calculated using the Chao 2 estimator because there was uneven sampling effort across the quadrates. Due to multicollinearity we used covariance values produced by principal component analysis and the first four axes adopted have eigenvalues >= 1.0. Two models of regression analyses were applied based on multiple linear regression using eight variables (model I) and principal components axes (model II). Of the two subgroups of geometrid moths the Palearctic species richness increased with latitude, but not that of Oriental species richness. A combined effect of abiotic (maximum altitude, temperature, rainfall, and latitude) and biotic (plant species richness and vegetation) variables was indicated by both models of regression analyses. The different effect of each spatial and environmental predictor on the distribution of geometrid moths on the Korean peninsula is discussed. The significant relationship between estimated species richness and latitude indicate a peninsular effect on geometrid moths in South Korea.
Grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench. cvs. TX430 and KS82] was grown in a Haynie very fine sandy loam (coarse-silty, mixed, superactive, calcareous, mesic Mollic Udifluvents) under constant 47 % shade or full irradiance in a greenhouse under two watering regimes to see the combined and individual effects of low irradiance (LI) and low water (LW) on the sorghum genotypes. Under the high-irradiance (HI) and high-water (HW) treatment (control) and the LI-HW treatment, TX430 grew taller than KS82. Both LI and LW reduced several times the fresh and dry masses. Under the control conditions, TX430 reached its maximum net photosynthetic rate (PNmax) of 28.93 μmol m-2 s-1 at a photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) of 1 707 μmol m-2 s-1, and KS82 reached its PNmax of 28.32 μmol m-2 s-1 at a PPFD of 2 973 μmol m-2 s-1. The fact that TX430 had PNmax under a lower PPFD than KS82 may relate to its taller growth under LI conditions. Hence genotypes of sorghum might be selected for low irradiance using curves relating PN to PPFD. and Qingzhang Xu, M. B. Kirkham.
Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv. Pearson) plants were grown in growth chambers for 25 days with cadmium (Cd) and then exposed briefly to ozone (O3). Gas exchange, chlorophyll a fluorescence, and pigment composition were analysed in leaves at the end of the treatment to assess the effects of a single pollutant and their combination on photosynthesis. The CO2 assimilation rate was dramatically reduced in plants subjected to the combined treatment, while the single effect of Cd appeared less severe than that of O3. The decline of CO2 photoassimilation found in all
O3-exposed plants was attributed to both stomatal and nonstomatal limitations. Tomato plants seemed to detoxify Cd to a great extent, but this resulted in growth suppression. In response to O3 exposure, the plants protected their photosystems by heat dissipation of excess energy via the xanthophyll cycle. Cd combined with O3 affected adversely this cycle resulting in an increase in photosynthetic performance under the same experimental light conditions., E. Degl’Innocenti, A. Castagna, A. Ranieri, L. Guidi., and Obsahuje bibliografii