Number of results to display per page
Search Results
15882. Comparative hematological and biochemical values in pregnant and non-pregnant red, Cervus elaphus, and fallow deer, Dama dama, females
- Creator:
- Poljičak-Milas, Nina, Marenjak, Terezija S., Slavica, Alen, Janicki, Zdravko, Filipović, Natalija, and Sruk, Veno
- Type:
- article and TEXT
- Subject:
- fallow deer does, red deer hinds, pregnancy, hematology, and serum biochemistry
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The hematological and biochemical parameters were determined in blood of chemically immobilized pregnant and non-pregnant free ranging red, Cervus elaphus, and fallow, Dama dama, deer. In both species a marked reduction of red blood cell count, hemoglobin concentration and hematocrit, as well as higher concentration of triacylgliceride, cholesterol, creatinine and alanine aminotransferase activity were detected in pregnant animals. Significant differences in blood parameters were determined between the two cervid species. The red deer hinds had higher hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean cell volume, mean cell hemoglobin value, higher count of neutrophils and lymphocytes and a total white blood cells count, glucose, albumin, triacylgliceride and urea concentration, whereas fallow deer does had higher alanine aminotransferase activity and cholesterol concentration. The marked differences in blood glucose values were noted between pregnant animals regarding the species. Pregnant hinds had lower lymphocyte count than non-pregnant ones, while pregnant does had more than twice lymphocyte count in their blood than non-pregnant animals. Moreover, pregnant fallow deer does had rather high eosinophile count in the blood. The results provided by this research may facilitate better assessment of health status in free ranging red and fallow deer.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
15883. Comparative infectivity of Fascìola hepatica metacercariae from isolates of the main and secondary reservoir animal host species in the Bolivian Altipiano high human endemic region
- Creator:
- Valero, Maria Adela and Mas-Coma, Santiago
- Format:
- Type:
- model:internalpart and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fasciola hepatica, metacercariae, Bolivian Altipiano, viability, age, sheep, cattle, pig, donkey, and laboratory rat
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Fascioliasis due to Fasciola hepatica (Linnaeus, 1758) is an endemic disease on the Northern Bolivian Altipiano, where human prevalences and intensities arc the highest known, sheep and cattle are the main reservoir hosts, and pigs and donkeys the secondary ones. Investigations were carried out to study the viability of metacercariae experimentally obtained from eggs shed by naturally infected Altiplanic sheep, cattle, pigs and donkeys. A total of 157 Wistar rats were infected with doses of 5, 10, 20 and 150 metacercariae. Metacercariae aged for different number of weeks were used to analyse the influence of age on their viability. The number of worms successfully developed in each rat was established by dissection. Results obtained show that metacercarial infectivity is dependent upon storage time, being lower when metacercariae arc older. The maximum longevity is 31 weeks using doses of 20 metacercariae per rat and 48 weeks with 150 metacercariae per rat, although in the latter case only a very low percentage of worms is recovered. Age-related infectivity of metacercariae from Altiplanic F. hepatica does not significantly differ from that of the liver fluke in lowlands of other countries. Concerning the influence of the isolate according to host species, results indicate that metacercarial viabilities of pig and donkey isolates are similar to the viabilities of metacercariae of sheep and cattle isolates. Thus, pig and donkey have a high transmission potential capacity concerning this aspect. This fact is of great importance for the control of human and animal fascioliasis in this highly endemic zone.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
15884. Comparative karyological analysis of mud loach and spined loach species (genera Misgurnus and Cobitis) from the Far East region of Russia
- Creator:
- Vasiľev, Victor P. and Vasiľeva, Ekaterina D.
- Type:
- article and TEXT
- Subject:
- karyotypes, taxonomic problems, and evolution
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The karyotypes of one mud loach and three spined loach species occurring in the Far East region of Russia are presented. Misgurnus nikolskyi has 2n=50 with NF=64, Cobitis lutheri has 2n=50 and NF=70, C. choii has 2n=50 and NF=68, and C. melanoleuca has 2n=50 and NF=72. The karyotype of M. mohoity is proved to consist of 50 chromosomes. These results are discussed in relation with some taxonomic and evolution problems in loaches
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
15885. Comparative modeling of the H4-H5-loop of the α2-isoform of Na+/K+-ATpase α-subunit in the E1 conformation
- Creator:
- Tejral, G., Koláčná, L., Kotyk, A., and Evžen Amler
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, počítačové modelování, computer modeling, molecular dynamics simulations, Na+/K+-ATPase, E1 conformation, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Restraint-based comparative modeling was used for calculation and visualization of the H4-H5-loop of Na+/K+-ATPase from mouse brain (Mus musculus, adult male brain, α2-isoform) between the amino acid residues Cys336 and Arg758 in the E1 conformation The structure consists of two well separated parts. The N-domain is formed by a seven-stranded antiparallel β-sheet with two additional β-strands and five α-helices sandwiching it, the P-domain is composed of a typical Rossman fold. The ATP-binding site was found on the N-domain to be identical in both α2- and α1-isoforms. The phosphorylation Asp369 residue was found in the central part of the P-domain, located at the C-terminal end of the central β-sheet. The distance between the α-carbon of Phe475 at the ATP-binding site and the α-carbon of Asp369 at the phosphorylation site is 3.22 nm. A hydrogen bond between the oxygen atom of Asp369 and the nitrogen atom of Lys690 was clearly detected and assumed to play a key role in maintaining the proper structure of the physphorylaton site in E1 conformation., G. Tejral, L. Koláčná, A. Kotyk, E. Amler., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
15886. Comparative morphology of the spermatheca within the family Dinidoridae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera)
- Creator:
- Kocourek, Anna and Danielczok-Demska, Teresa
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Morphology, female, spermatheca, Hemiptera, Heteroptera, and Dinidoridae
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The spermathecae of eleven genera of the family Dinidoridae (Dinidorinae and Megymeninae) were studied. Four types of spermatheca morphology were observed. Possible use of the morphology of spermathecae in the taxonomy of Dinidoridae is discussed.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
15887. Comparative morphology of threespine Gasterosteus aculeatus and ninespine Pungitius pungitius sticklebacks in lowland streams of southeastern England
- Creator:
- Kováč, Vladimír, Copp, Gordon H., Dimart, Yaël, and Užíková, Martina
- Type:
- article and TEXT
- Subject:
- fish ecomorphology, growth variability, mensural characters, principal components analysis, split-linear regression, functional morphology indices, and resources use
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- We examined the relative growth of threespine sticklebacks collected from 11 lowland streams in southeastern England during late autumn to test for between-catchment variations as well as development-related shifts in morphology. And, to understand better the sympatric relationship between threespine Gasterosteus aculeatus and ninespine Pungitius pungitius sticklebacks in small lowland streams, we compared growth variability in 35 mensural characters and morphological indices related to functional morphology in adults from one of these sites. Threespine demonstrated great plasticity, with some morphological differences observed between stream catchments, mainly in ventral spine and dorsal spine length, pre-anus and preanal distances, fin depth, and ventral body width (represented in the basipterygium medial plate width). Developmentally, three groups of mensural characters were found: 18 characters best explained by a linear regression (isometric growth), 9 characters best explained by a quadratic equation (gradual allometry), and 8 characters best explained by a split-linear regression (mainly isometric growth, with an abrupt shift in proportional growth – between 40 and 58 mm SL). However, these shifts did not appear associated with common ecological, physiological and/or behavioural functions. Compared with ninespine stickleback, threespine has a more robust body with stronger and more prominent spines, shorter tail, and eyes situated more backwards. Functional morphological indices suggest threespine to be a slower but more manoeuvrable swimmer than ninespine, which acquires a relatively more cruiser-form shape with reduced drag and more lift.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
15888. Comparative palaeodistribution of eight hummingbird species reveal a link between genetic diversity and Quaternary habitat and climate stability in Mexico
- Creator:
- Ornelas, Juan Francisco, González de León, Salvador , González, Clementina, Licona-Vera, Yuini, Ortiz-Rodriguez, Andrés Ernesto, and Rodríguez-Gómez, Flor
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- ecological niche modelling, Last Glacial Maximum, Last Interglacial, phylogeography, Pleistocene, and Trochilidae
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Large-scale phylogeographical patterns and the underlying factors driving species divergence in Mesoamerica are poorly understood, but it is widely documented that tectonic events and Pleistocene climate changes play an important role in determining species diversification. As glaciations in Mesoamerica developed only around high mountains, one hypothesis is that the known effects of the Last Glacial Maximum on the geographical distribution and genetic diversity of bird populations, producing the contraction/ expansion latitudinal pattern observed in temperate bird species, should be largely undetected in resident bird populations inhabiting environmentally more stable habitats. To gain insight into the effects of Quaternary habitat and climate stability on the genetic diversity, we use ecological niche modelling and generalised linear modelling to determine the role of changes in habitat stability on the genetic diversity in eight widespread or range restricted hummingbird species. We found lesser changes in suitable habitat from past to present in most of the species than those predicted by palaeodistribution models at northern temperate regions. Contemporary seasonal precipitation, Quaternary habitat and climate stability had superior explanatory power, but the magnitude and directionality of their effects on genetic diversity varied between range-restricted and widely distributed species. We observed that the species studied have not responded equally to changes in climate stability in this complex region, suggesting that habitat differences and/or the altitudinal range of the hummingbird species influenced genetic diversity, and that the species-specific responses are not only linked to habitat stability in the region but also to contemporary seasonality associated with the availability of floral resources.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
15889. Comparative photosynthesis characteristics of Calycanthus chinensis and Chimonanthus praecox
- Creator:
- Mao, L. Z., Lu, H. F., Wang, Q., and Cai, M. M.
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- biodiversity, chlorophyll content and fluorescence, endangered plant, irradiance, net photosynthetic rate, species differences, temperature, and transpiration
- Language:
- Multiple languages
- Description:
- Calycanthus chinensis is an endangered plant of the national second-grade protection of China restricted in a small area in Zhejiang Province. We studied parameters of photosynthesis, chlorophyll (Chl) contents, and Chl fluorescence (minimum fluorescence, F0, maximum fluorescence, Fm, variable fluorescence, Fv, and Fv/Fm) of C. chinensis and Chimonanthus praecox. C. chinensis had lower compensation irradiance but higher saturation irradiance than C. praecox. Hence C. chinensis has more advantage in obtaining and utilizing photon energy and higher Chl content, and is more adaptive to higher temperature and propitious to thermal dissipation than C. praecox. In addition, C. chinensis produces abundant, well-preserved seed with a higher germination rate and a wider adaptability to temperature than C. praecox. Thus C. chinensis is prone to survival and viability, and gets rid of the endangered plant species of the national second-grade protection of China. and L. Z. Mao ... [et al.].
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
15890. Comparative photosynthesis, growth, productivity, and nutrient use efficiency among tall- and short-stemmed rain-fed cassava cultivars
- Creator:
- El-Sharkawy, M. A. and de Tafur, S. M.
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- botanika, botany, agriculture, breeding, C3-C4, canopy, drought, ecophysiology, environment, gas exchange, leaf, Manihot, soils, tropics, and yield
- Language:
- Multiple languages
- Description:
- Field trials under rain-fed conditions at the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) in Colombia were conducted to study the comparative leaf photosynthesis, growth, yield, and nutrient use efficiency in two groups of cassava cultivars representing tall (large leaf canopy and shoot biomass) and short (small leaf canopy and shoot biomass) plant types. Using the standard plant density (10,000 plants ha-1), tall cultivars produced higher shoot biomass, larger seasonal leaf area indices (LAIs) and greater final storage root yields than the short cultivars. At six months after planting, yields were similar in both plant types with the short ones tending to form and fill storage roots at a much earlier time in their growth stage. Root yield, shoot and total biomass in all cultivars were significantly correlated with seasonal average LAI. Short cultivars maintained lower than optimal LAI for yield. Seasonal PN, across cultivars, was 12% greater in short types, with maximum values obtained in Brazilian genotypes. This difference in PN was attributed to nonstomatal factors (i.e., anatomical/biochemical mesophyll characteristics). Compared with tall cultivars, short ones had 14 to 24 % greater nutrient use efficiency (NUE) in terms of storage root production. The lesser NUE in tall plants was attributed mainly to more total nutrient uptake than in short cultivars. It was concluded that short-stemmed cultivars are superior in producing dry matter in their storage roots per unit nutrient absorbed, making them advantageous for soil fertility conservation while their yields approach those in tall types. It was recommended that breeding programs should focus on selection for more efficient short- to medium-stemmed genotypes since resource-limited cassava farmers rarely apply agrochemicals nor recycle residual parts of the crop back to the soil. Such improved short types were expected to surpass tall types in yields when grown at higher than standard plant population densities (>10,000 plants ha-1) in order to maximize irradiance interception. Below a certain population density (<10,000 plants ha-1), tall cultivars should be planted. Findings were discussed in relation to cultivation and cropping systems strategies for water and nutrient conservation and use efficiencies under stressful environments as well as under predicted water deficits in the tropics caused by trends in global climate change. Cassava is expected to play a major role in food and biofuel production due to its high photosynthetic capacity and its ability to conserve water as compared to major cereal grain crops. The interdisciplinary/interinstitutions research reported here, including, an associated release of a drought-tolerant, short-stem cultivar that was eagerly accepted by cassava farmers, reflects well on the productivity of the CIAT international research in Cali, Colombia., and M. A. El-Sharkawy, S. M. de Tafur
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public