The meadow spittlebug genus Philaenus (Auchenorrhyncha: Aphrophoridae) is known to display marked colour polymorphism. This study presents the results of a karyotype analysis of P. arslani from Lebanon using conventional chromosome staining, C-banding, fluorescent banding using base-specific fluorochromes (CMA3 and DAPI) and AgNOR-staining. This species has 2n = 18 + neo-XY, and differs from P. spumarius both in the number of chromosomes and sex chromosome system. During meiosis, the neo-XY bivalent is clearly heteromorphic being the largest in the complement. Furthermore, sex chromosomes show marked differences in C-banding pattern. The NOR-bearing chromosomes are the first and one of the middle-sized pairs of autosomes. NORs are G-C rich. Furthermore, some blocks of constitutive heterochromatin on the sex chromosomes are also G-C rich. All other C-bands are DAPI or DAPI/ CMA3 positive, thus containing A-T rich DNA. The significant difference in the karyotype of P. arslani and P. spumarius indicates chromosomal transformations during the evolution of the genus Philaenus.
Hagler and the first named author introduced a class of hereditarily $l_1$ Banach spaces which do not possess the Schur property. Then the first author extended these spaces to a class of hereditarily $l_p$ Banach spaces for $1\leq p<\infty $. Here we use these spaces to introduce a new class of hereditarily $l_p(c_0)$ Banach spaces analogous of the space of Popov. In particular, for $p=1$ the spaces are further examples of hereditarily $l_1$ Banach spaces failing the Schur property.
In [5] and [10], statistical-conservative and $\sigma $-conservative matrices were characterized. In this note we have determined a class of statistical and $\sigma $-conservative matrices studying some inequalities which are analogous to Knopp’s Core Theorem.
In this paper, we study the limit properties of countable nonhomogeneous Markov chains in the generalized gambling system by means of constructing compatible distributions and martingales. By allowing random selection functions to take values in arbitrary intervals, the concept of random selection is generalized. As corollaries, some strong limit theorems and the asymptotic equipartition property (AEP) theorems for countable nonhomogeneous Markov chains in the generalized gambling system are established. Some results obtained are extended.
The empirical moment process is utilized to construct a family of tests for the null hypothesis that a random variable is exponentially distributed. The tests are consistent against the 'new better than used in expectation' (NBUE) class of alternatives. Consistency is shown and the limit null distribution of the test statistic is derived, while efficiency results are also provided. The finite-sample properties of the proposed procedure in comparison to more standard procedures are investigated via simulation.
This paper obtains a class of tight framelet packets on $L^2(\mathbb R^d)$ from the extension principles and constructs the relationships between the basic framelet packets and the associated filters.
Butler groups formed by factoring a completely decomposable group by a rank one group have been studied extensively. We call such groups, bracket groups. We study bracket modules over integral domains. In particular, we are interested in when any bracket $R$-module is $R$ tensor a bracket group.
A graph is called weakly perfect if its chromatic number equals its clique number. In this note a new class of weakly perfect graphs is presented and an explicit formula for the chromatic number of such graphs is given.
The aim of this paper is to rank the words of the Chinese language of the III-V centuries in a number of classes that differ in their grammatical characteristics. The classification undertaken is based on syntactic criteria.