A new optical apparatus for in situ monitoring of optical constants of growing (etched) thin films - substrate systems over the large surface area of the sample (ranging from 1 to 2 cm2) was designed, constructed and tested in our group. Namely, the two following devices have been designed: Firstly, InSitu-AreaSampler together with control software has been developed for analysis of an areal homogeneity of thin-film growth during its deposition (or etching). The method is based on the measurement of reflectivity of the sample at selected wavelengths of an incident light. Areal detection is assured (performed) by imaging of the surface of thin film by a CCD chip where each pixel acts as small detector in an independent way. Secondly, the InSitu-SpotSampler was developed for measurement the reflectivity of growing (etched) thin film at one spot on the sample surface but in quasi-continual range of wavelengths (UV-VIS). The results achieved show the usability of this instrument for the in situ measurements of optical constants (index of refraction n, exctinction coefficient k, thickness d) over the whole sample area (cca 1.5 × 1.5 cm2) in a quasi-real time mode. Having this feed-back it is possible to control the deposition process in a more effective way.
In the paper there the questions of selection of representative period for the hydrological characteristics assessment are discussed. Also the characteristics of runoff and precipitation for the periods 1931-1980 and 1961-2000 are presented. The main components of water balance in Slovakia are the basis for comparison of both periods. The assessment of development of runoff condition during the last decades is presented. and V referáte sa diskutujú otázky výberu reprezentatívneho obdobia pre stanovenie hydrologických charakteristík. Ďalej sa uvádzajú charakteristiky odtoku a zrážok za obdobia 1931-1980 a 1961-2000. Na základe hodnotenia hlavných komponentov hydrologickej bilancie Slovenska sa obidve obdobia porovnávajú a opisuje sa vývoj odtokových pomerov ostatného obdobia.
Deer (family Cervidae) form the most numerous and varied group of ungulates or large herbivores in four out of 6 continents. This review of the phylogeny and taxonomy of living deer species is based on information published recently in scientific papers. The first part presents the taxonomy of muntjacs (Muntiacini). This tribe includes 11–14 species living solitarily in closed habitats (mostly forests) in South and Southeast Asia. Their antlers are two-tined and Jan Pluháček.
The second part of this text on the systematics and phylogeny of extant cervids focuses on Cervini. This group includes more than 20 various deer species inhabiting forests and grasslands of Europe, Asia, and North America; 15 of them listed in the Red Data List of endangered species. During the last 10 years many papers have been published on their phylogeny. Its recent overview including relationships between individual species is summarized. and Jan Pluháček.
The last part of the series on cervid taxonomy involves the subfamily Capreolinae. This subfamily could be divided into two clades: an Old World clade including Roe Deer (Capreolus capreolus, C. pygargus), Chinese Water Deer (Hydropotes inermis) and Moose (Alces alces) and a New World clade including Reindeer (Rangifer tarandus), Mule Deer (the genus Odocoileus) and deer of Mesoamerica and South America (Ozotoceros bezoarticus, Blastocerus dichotomus and species of the genera Hippocamelus, Pudu and Mazama). Most of the species belonging to Capreolinae are evolutionary young. The evolutionary relationships among extant South American deer remain unclear. Cervids are the most successful ungulate family that has ever colonized South America. and Jan Pluháček.
The dynamical Casimir effect means a photon generation out of quantum vacuum caused by time dependency of boundary conditions, for example in the cavity of variable length, where one its wall is oscillating with relativistic velocity. This paper deals with numerical calculation of radiation characteristics of cavity’s wall of this kind. and Dynamickým Casimirovým jevem je označována generace fotonů z kvantového vakua vlivem časové změny okrajových podmínek pro elektromagnetické pole uvnitř rezonátoru časově proměnné délky, jehož jedna stěna osciluje relativistickou rychlostí. Tato práce se zabývá numerickým výpočtem vyzařovací charakteristiky stěny takového rezonátoru.