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132. Antonín Kůrka, Milan Řezáč, Rudolf Macek a Jan Dolanský: Pavouci České republiky
- Creator:
- Dolejš, Petr
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- article, text, recenze, recensions, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Biologické vědy, biologie, biology, 2, and 57/59
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- [autor recenze] Petr Dolejš.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
133. Ants of the genus Protalaridris (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), more than just deadly mandibles
- Creator:
- Lattke, John E, Delsinne, Thibaut, Gary D Alpert, and Guerrero, Roberto J
- Format:
- print, počítač, and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- mravencovití, morfologie (biologie), dolní čelist, ants, morphology (biology), mandible, Formicidae, Attini, Protalaridris, taxonomy, distribution, predation, Haidomyrmecini, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The ants of the genus Protalaridris are revised based upon their morphology. Seven species are recognized; the type species (P. armata Brown, 1980) and six species described as new: P. aculeata Lattke & Alpert, sp. n., P. arhuaca Guerrero, Lattke & Alpert, sp. n., P. bordoni Lattke, sp. n., P. leponcei Delsinne & Lattke, sp. n., P. loxanensis Lattke, sp. n., and P. punctata Lattke, sp. n. The genus is patchily distributed in mesic forested areas from western Panama to northern Venezuela and along the Andes to the Amazon watershed of southwestern Peru. The generic description is modified to accommodate a short-mandibulate species. Sporadic biological observations of one long-mandibulate species suggest they are sit-and-wait ambush predators that open their jaws to approximately 180° when stalking. All species are described and imaged, an identification key and a distribution map is provided. Comparing the mandibular morphology of long-mandibulate Protalaridris with other extant and extinct ants bearing elongate, dorsoanterior arching mandibles suggests the supposed mandibular apex in these taxa is actually a hypertrophied, preapical tooth and their supposed basal mandibular tooth is the main mandibular shaft., John E. Lattke, Thibaut Delsinne, Gary D. Alpert, Roberto J. Guerrero., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
134. Anuální halančíci - ryby adaptované na sezonně vysychající biotopy
- Creator:
- Martin Reichard
- Type:
- article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Zoologie, zoologie, plazi, ryby, obojživelníci, životní prostředí, ekologie, reptiles, fishes, amphibians, environment, ecology, 2, and 59
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- Halančíci rodu Nothobranchius jsou přizpůsobeni životu v periodických vodních tůních v afrických savanách. Období sucha přežívají v embryonální fázi vývoje. V současné době se rozeznává přes 60 druhů halančíků rodu Nothobranchius, kteří žijí v travnatých savanách a řídkém sezonním lese v širokém pásu východní Afriky. Druh N. furzeri se stal modelovým organismem pro výzkum stárnutí a věnují se mu v několika laboratořích v Evropě, USA a Asii. Náš výzkum se zaměřuje hlavně na evoluční ekologii tří druhových komplexů tohoto rodu v oblasti jižního a středního Mosambiku., Killifish from the genus Nothobranchius are adapted to temporal pools in African savannahs. They survive the dry phase as dormant eggs and develop rapidly after the onset of rainy season. There are about 60 species of Nothobranchius distributed throughout Eastern Africa. One species group became a model for studies on ageing. Our current field and laboratory research on annual Killifish from Mozambique is reviewed and particular studies on their ecology and evolution are highlighted., and Martin Reichard.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
135. Aphid-plant interactions affect the suitability of Myzus spp. as prey for the two spot ladybird, Adalia bipunctata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)
- Creator:
- Jalali, Mohammad A. and Michaud, J.P.
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Zoologie, Coccinellidae, Adalia bipunctata, Capsicum annuum, development, Myzus persicae, Myzus persicae nicotianae, Nicotiana tabacum, reproduction, tritrophic effects, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- A laboratory study was conducted to examine tritrophic effects on the suitability of the peach-potato aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer), and tobacco aphid, Myzus persicae nicotianae (Blackman & Eastop), as prey for the two spot ladybird, Adalia bipunctata (L.), when the aphids were reared on either sweet pepper or tobacco. Significant host plant-aphid interactions were evident for every component of development (juvenile survival, developmental time, adult mass at emergence) and reproduction (pre-oviposition period, fecundity, fertility). By almost all measures, the suitability of each aphid species was improved by rearing on its host plant of origin and diminished by rearing on the alternative host plant. The symmetry of the interactions are suggestive of both positive and negative host plant effects on aphid suitability as prey. Whereas M. p. nicotianae may be better able than M. persicae to detoxify the nicotine that is likely responsible for the reduced suitability of M. persicae when reared on tobacco, it appears to have lower nutritive value for A. bipunctata than M. persicae when reared on pepper. Thus, population parameters (R0, rm, l and DT) derived from performance data indicated that M. persicae reared on sweet pepper was the most suitable prey and that the same species reared on tobacco was the least suitable, with other host plant-aphid combinations intermediate., Mohammad A. Jalali, J.P. Michaud., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
136. Apostasioideae - záhadná podčeleď orchidejí
- Creator:
- Jana Jersáková, Jan Ponert, Trávníček, Pavel, and Jan Suda
- Format:
- Type:
- article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Botanika, botanika, vstavačovité, tropické rostliny, orchids, tropical plants, botany, 2, and 58
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- Apostasioideae jsou nejmenší, vývojově nejpůvodnější a současně nejméně prozkoumanou podčeledí vstavačovitých (Orchidaceae). Vyskytují se ve dvou rodech a 17 druzích v podrostu tropických lesů v jihovýchodní Asii. Od ostatních orchidejí se liší mj. specifickou květní morfologii a pylovými zrny nespojenými v brylky. Studium jaderného genomu ukázalo, že Apostasioideae mají jedny z nejmenších genomů mezi orchidejemi a jejich DNA je velice bohatá na adenin a thymin. Skupina je mimo svoji domovinu prakticky nepěstovatelná a chybí proto i ve velkých specializovaných sbírkách., Apostasioideae is the smallest, least specialized orchid subfamily, which is still largely unexplored. It encompasses 17 terrestrial species in two genera native to tropical rain forests of SE Asia. They differ from other orchids in their unique floral morphology and pollen shed in monads. Our flow cytometric analyses showed that apostasioids possess very small genomes with a considerable proportion of adenine and thymine. The lack of information stems at least partly from their extremely difficult cultivation outside native areas., and Jana Jersáková, Jan Ponert, Pavel Trávníček, Jan Suda.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
137. Application of chlorophyll fluorescence to screen eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) cultivars for salt tolerance
- Creator:
- Hanachi, S., Van Labeke, M. C., and Mehouachi, T.
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- fotosyntéza, lilek, biomasa, photosynthesis, biomass, salt stress, photosystem II, 2, and 581
- Language:
- Multiple languages
- Description:
- The objective of this study was to investigate the relative salt tolerance of four eggplant cultivars (Solanum melongena L.) by studying chlorophyll (Chl) fluorescence parameters during the vegetative growth stage under increasing salinity levels. The plants were grown in pots filled with peat under controlled conditions and were subjected to the salt stress ranging from 0 (control), 20, 40, 80, and 160 mM NaCl for 25 days. The results showed that the increasing NaCl concentration affected hardly the maximum quantum yield of photosystem (PS) II. The quantum yield of PSII (ΦPSII) decreased significantly in ‘Adriatica’ and ‘Black Beauty’ under the salt stress. The photochemical quenching decreased in ‘Black Beauty’ and nonphotochemical quenching increased in ‘Adriatica’ under the salt stress. The Chl fluorescence parameters did not change significantly under the salt stress in ‘Bonica’ and ‘Galine’, revealing their tolerance to salinity. After 25 days of the salt stress, the plant growth was reduced in all cultivars, however, this decline was more pronounced in ‘Adriatica’ and ‘Black Beauty’. Additionally, a significant correlation between the biomass and ΦPSII was observed in ‘Adriatica’ and ‘Black Beauty’. Our results suggest that ΦPSII can be used as a diagnostic tool to identify salt-tolerant egg-plant cultivars., S. Hanachi, M. C. Van Labeke, T. Mehouachi., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
138. Application of compound mixture of caprylic acid, iron and mannan oligosaccharide against Sparicotyle chrysophrii (Monogenea: Polyopisthocotylea) in gilthead sea bream, Sparus aurata
- Creator:
- Rigos, George, Mladineo, Ivona, Nikoloudaki, Chrysa, Vrbatovic, Anamarija, and Kogiannou, Dimitra
- Format:
- print, počítač, and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- parazitologie, parasitology, monogeneans, treatment, Sparidae, MOS, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- We have evaluated the therapeutic effect of a compound mixture of caprylic acid (200 mg/kg fish), organic iron (0.2% of diet) and mannan oligosaccharide (0.4% of diet) in gilthead sea bream, Sparus aurata Linnaeus, infected with Sparicotyle chrysophrii Beneden et Hesse, 1863 in controlled conditions. One hundred and ten reared and S. chrysophrii-free fish (197 g) located in a cement tank were infected by the parasite two weeks following the addition of 150 S. chrysophrii-infected fish (70 g). Growth parameters and gill parasitic load were measured in treated against control fish after a ten-week-period. Differences in final weight, feed conversion ratio, specific growth rate and feed efficiency were not statistically significant between the experimental groups, suggesting no evident effect with respect to fish growth during the study period. Although the prevalence of S. chrysophrii was not affected by the mixture at the end of the experiment, the number of adults and larvae was significantly lower. The mean intensity encompassing the number of adults and larvae was 8.1 in treated vs 17.7 in control fish. Individual comparisons of gill arches showed that the preferred parasitism site for S. chrysophrii it the outermost or fourth gill arch, consistently apparent in fish fed the modified diet and in control fish. In conclusion, the combined application of caprylic acid, organic iron and mannan oligosaccharide can significantly affect the evolution of infection with S. chrysophrii in gilthead sea bream, being capable of reducing adult and larval stages of the monogenean. However, no difference in growth improvement was observed after the trial period, potentially leaving space for further optimisation of the added dietary compounds., George Rigos, Ivona Mladineo, Chrysa Nikoloudaki, Anamarija Vrbatovic, Dimitra Kogiannou., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
139. Application of spectrally resolved fluorescence induction to study light-induced nonphotochemical quenching in algae
- Creator:
- Kaňa, Radek
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- ochrana před ultrafialovým zářením, fotosyntéza, photoprotection, photosynthesis, fluorescence parameters, light-harvesting complex, photosystem II, 2, and 581
- Language:
- Multiple languages
- Description:
- The light-induced nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ) can safely dissipate excess of absorbed light to heat. Here we describe an application of spectrally resolved fluorescence induction (SRFI) method for studying spectral variability of NPQ. The approach allows detection of spectrally-resolved nonphotochemical quenching (NPQλ) representing NPQ dependency on fluorescence emission wavelength in the whole spectral range of fluorescence emission. The experimental approach is briefly described and NPQλ is studied for the cryptophyte alga Rhodomonas salina and for green alga Chlorella sp. We confirm presence of NPQλ only in membrane-bound antennae (chlorophyll a/c antennae) and not in phycobiliproteins in lumen in cryptophyte and show that NPQλ is inhibited in the whole spectral range by NPQ inhibitors in Chlorella sp. We discuss variability in the quenching in the particular spectral ranges and applicability of the NPQλ parameter to study quenching locus in vivo., R. Kaňa., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
140. Araneae communities associated with the canopies of chestnut trees in the northeastern part of Portugal: the influence of soil management practices
- Creator:
- Benhadi-Marin, Jacinto, Pereira, José Alberto, Barrientos, José-Antonio, Bento, Albino, and Santos, Sónia A.P.
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Zoologie, zoologie, entomologie, Araneidae, Philodromidae, Thomisidae, Castanea sativa, diversity, guilds, grazing, pest control, tilled, untilled, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- 1_Chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) is one of the economically more important trees in the north of Portugal. Spiders, as generalist predators, are potential controlling agents of pests, yet the composition of the community of spiders associated with this crop is only poorly known. The objective of this study was to determine the spider communities in the canopies of chestnut trees subject to three different soil management practices in northeastern Portugal. Three chestnut groves each subject to a different agricultural practice (grazed, tilled or untilled) were studied in 2008 and 2009. The Araneae communities were sampled by beating the branches and the individuals collected were identified to family and species when possible. To investigate the structure of the spider community in each grove the abundance and family richness of spiders were calculated and compared between managements. In total, 4172 spiders were collected and, in both years, the three most abundant families were Araneidae, Philodromidae and Linyphiidae. In 2008, there was a greater abundance of spiders in the grazed, followed by the tilled and untilled groves, but no significant differences among groves. However, in 2009 there was a greater abundance of spiders in the tilled grove, followed by grazed and untilled groves and the differences between the untilled and the other two groves were significant. Araniella, Oxyopes and Anyphaena were the most abundant genera in the three groves. This study showed that soil management may influence the diversity of spiders, but the effects were weak and not consistent between years., 2_The reduction or absence of a suitable habitat for spiders under the trees in the tilled treatment might have resulted in the spiders migrating up into the canopy. However, based on the weak effects on spider abundance recorded and its potentially adverse effects on soils, tillage is not recommended for managing the incidence of pests in chestnut groves., Jacinto Benhadi-Marin ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public