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312. Chromosomal location of rDNA clusters and TTAGG telomeric repeats in eight species of the spittlebug genus Philaenus (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Aphrophoridae)
- Creator:
- Maryanska-Nadachowska, Anna, Kuznetsova, Valentina G., and Karamysheva, Tatyana V.
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Zoologie, zoologie, entomologie, Philaenus, Aphrophoridae, Auchenorrhyncha, FISH, Ag-NOR, rDNA, telomeres, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- A cytogenetic investigation was performed in eight species of the spittlebug genus Philaenus using silver-NOR (AgNOR)-banding and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with 18S rDNA and (TTAGG)n telomeric probes. This is the first application of FISH technique in the Auchenorrhyncha, a suborder of the Hemiptera. FISH along with the rDNA probe revealed differences between species in the number and chromosomal location of major ribosomal RNA gene sites, the so-called nucleolar organizer regions (NORs). However, we found a lack of perfect correlation between the results of AgNOR-staining and rDNA-FISH in the detection of NORs. FISH with the telomeric probe confirmed that the chromosome ends of the Philaenus species are composed of the (TTAGG)n nucleotide sequence, which is a common motif of insect telomeres., Anna Maryanska-Nadachowska, Valetnina G. Kuznetsova, Tatyana V. Karamysheva., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
313. Chronic oral administraton of beta-adrenoceptor agonist clenbuterol affects myosin heavy chain (MHC) expression in adult mouse heart
- Creator:
- Patiyal, Som N. and Sharma, S.
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Biologické vědy, fyziologie, srdce, physiology, heart, clenbuterol, myosin heavy chain isoforms, left ventricle, actomyosin ATPase, cardiac muscle contraction, 2, and 57/59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of chronic administration of the β-adrenoceptor agonist clenbuterol (2 mg/kg body weight/day for a period of 30 days) on the major contractile protein (myosin) in the left ventricular muscle of the adult mouse heart. Separation of myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoforms on 7.5 % glycerol SDS-PAGE and subsequent quantification of the gels by laser densitometry showed a 6.5-fold increase in the β-isoform of MHC in the clenbuterol-treated group. The α: β ratio of these two isoforms in the control group was 98.16±0.14 %: 1.83±0.14 %, whereas in the treated group it was 88.05±1.15 %: 11.95±1.15 %. Actomyosin ATPase activity assay demonstrated a significant (20 %) decline in ATPase activity of the tissue in the β-agonist-treated group. These results suggest that chronic clenbuterol treatment is capable to induced the transformation of MHC isoforms increasing the slow β-MHC isoform, which may contribute to the altered contractile mechanics of clenbuterol-treated hearts., S. N. Patiyal, S. Sharma., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
314. Chrpy - botanická noční můra?: o jejich diverzitě, systematice a hybridizaci
- Creator:
- Petr Koutecký
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- article, text, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Biologické vědy, biologie, botanika, pěstitelství, fyziologie rostlin, botany, biology, horticultural education, plant physiology, hybridizace rostlin, polyploidie, chrpy, Centaurea, 2, and 57/59
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- Článek přestavuje taxonomicky problematický rod chrpa z čeledi Asteraceae. Jsou diskutovány současné pohledy na vymezení a vnitřní členění rodu založené na molekulárních znacích. Dále je popsána problematika hybridizace, která je v rodu velmi častá, a její souvislost s polyploidií (druhy stejné ploidie se často kříží za vzniku rozsáhlých a variabilních hybridních rojů, zatímco mezi ploidiemi je silná reprodukční bariéra)., Centaurea is a taxonomically critical genus from the Asteraceae family. Current delimitation of the genus and its internal classification based on molecular data are discussed. Hybridization and polyploidy are common in Centaurea. The frequency of hybridization depends on ploidy levels of the taxa (homoploid taxa usually hybridize easily and form extensive and variable hybrid swarms, while heteroploid taxa are reproductively strongly isolated)., and Petr Koutecký.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
315. Chwálozpěw k Panně Maryi.
- Publisher:
- s.t.n.
- Format:
- print and [2] listy ; 8°.
- Type:
- model:monograph and TEXT
- Subject:
- Náboženství, modlitby, mariologie, (0:82-97), 27-312.47, (0:82-14), 094, 5, and 2
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- 21. Přívazek k: Leonardo da Porto Maurizio / Svatá křížová cesta Pána našeho Ježíše Krista
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
316. Cizorodé látky ve vodním prostředí a jejich vliv na ryby
- Creator:
- Tomáš Randák
- Type:
- article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Zoologie, chemické látky, vodní ekosystémy, ryby, chemicals, water ecosystems, fishes, 2, and 59
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- Pollution of the water environment by foreign substances is an important factor affecting the health of fish, their reproduction and hygienic quality. Almost 100,000 chemical compounds are currently used, and get into the environment. This article describes the causes and sources of water pollution and deals with the known effects of particular contaminants, including mercury, on freshwater fish, i. a. in terms of their position in the food chain. and Tomáš Randák.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
317. Climate-induced changes in the phenotypic plasticity of the Heath Fritillary, Melitaea athalia (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)
- Creator:
- Juhász, Edit, Végvári, Zsolt, Tóth, János P., Pecsenye, Katalin, and Zoltán Varga
- Format:
- print, počítač, and online zdroj
- Type:
- article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Zoologie, motýli, babočkovití, morfologie (biologie), butterflies, Nymphalidae, morphology (biology), Panonská pánev, Pannonian Basin, Lepidoptera, Melitaea athalia, Procrustes anova, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Recently a large number of studies have reported an increase in the variability in the climate, which affects behavioural and physiological adaptations in a broad range of organisms. Specifically, insects may be especially sensitive to climatic fluctuations, as their physiology and life history traits, like those of other ectotherms, are predominantly affected by environmental factors. Here we aimed to investigate climate-induced changes in several morphometric measures of the Heath Fritillary in North-Eastern Hungary, which is a highly diverse transitional area. During this study we tested the following hypotheses: (i) climate affects genitalia and body size to various degrees (ii) increasing variability in climate induces higher levels of fluctuating asymmetry and variance in all morphological characters. To our knowledge, this study is the first to analyse simultaneously wing size and structure of genitalia of a butterfly in response to variability in climate. Our findings suggest that wing and genital traits may exhibit similar degrees of stability in response to a more variable climate, although the response in terms of forewing size differs from that of other body measurements and the structure of the genitalia. These findings suggest that global climate change may affect lepidopteran body metrics over longer periods of time. Our findings parallel the results of investigations showing that insect morphology might be modified by environmental changes, which is especially the case for those body parts that are phenotypically very variable. However, we found no evidence that increasing variability in climate would induce higher levels of fluctuating asymmetry and greater variability in morphological characters., Edit Juhász, Zsolt Végvári, János P. Tóth, Katalin Pecsenye, Zoltán Varga., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
318. Cloning and pattern of expression of trehalose-6-phosphate synthase cDNA from Catantops pinguis (Orthoptera: Catantopidae)
- Creator:
- Tang, Bin, Zheng, Hui-Zhen, Xu, Qi, Zou, Qi, Wang, Guang-Jun, Zhang, Fan, Wang, Shi-Gui, and Zhang, Ze-Hua
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Zoologie, entomologie, Orthoptera, Catantopidae, Catantops pinguis, trehalose-6-phosphate synthase, cloning, sequence analysis, expression pattern, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Trehalose is not only an important disaccharide, but also a key stress resistance factor in the development of many organisms, including plants, bacteria, fungi, and insects. To study the potential function of trehalose in development and behaviour, cDNA for a trehalose-6-phosphate synthase from Catantops pinguis (CpiTPS) was cloned and sequenced. Results revealed that the CpiTPS cDNA sequence contains an open reading frame of 2430 nucleotides encoding a protein of 809 amino acids with a predicted molecular weight of 91.13 kDa and a pI value of 6.25. Northern blot and RT-PCR analyses showed that CpiTPS mRNA expression was high in the fat body and testes, ovaries, Malpighian tubules, brain, trachea, rectum, and posterior extensor of C. pinguis. Northern blotting revealed that CpiTPS mRNA was expressed in the fat body at different developmental stages and was present at a high level in first instar larvae and adults. The results demonstrate that CpiTPS is a key gene in C. pinguis development. and Bin Tang, Hui-Zhen Zheng, Qi Xu, Qi Zou, Guang-Jun Wang, Fan Zhang, Shi-Gui Wang, Ze-Hua Zhang.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
319. Cloning, expression and characterisation of a cysteine protease from Trichinella spiralis
- Creator:
- Song, Yan Yan, Wang, Li Ang, Ren, Hua Na, Qi, Xin, Sun, Ge Ge, Liu, Ruo Dan, Jiang, Peng, Zhang, Xi, Cui, Jing, and Wang, Zhong Quan
- Format:
- print, počítač, and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- parazitologie, parasitology, Trichinellosis, cysteine protease, invasion, development, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Cysteine protease is a superfamily of widespread proteolytic enzymes and plays a major role in larval invasion, migration, exsheathing, survival and immune evasion in parasites. In the present study, the gene coding cysteine proteinase of the nematode Trichinella spiralis (Owen, 1835) was cloned into pQE-80L and subsequently expressed in E. coli JM109. The rTsCP was purified and its antigenicity was identified by Western blot and ELISA. Using anti-rTsCP serum the native TsCP was identified in muscle larval crude proteins. The results of quantitative real-time PCR and immunofluorescence test demonstrated that the TsCP was expressed in all stages of T. spiralis and located mainly in cuticle, stichosome and reproductive organs. The immunisation of mice with rTsCP elicited Th2-predominant immune responses. Anti-rTsCP antibodies could partially inhibit the in vitro larval invasion of intestinal epithelial cells and kill the newborn larvae by an antibody-dependent cell-mediated dose-dependent cytotoxicity. The vaccinated mice exhibited a 54% reduction of adults and a 33% reduction of muscle larvae following challenge infection. The results suggested that the TsCP might be an indispensable protein in Trichinella invasion, development and survival of T. spiralis in hosts, and could be a potential vaccine target against infection., Yan Yan Song, Li Ang Wang, Hua Na Ren, Xin Qi, Ge Ge Sun, Ruo Dan Liu, Peng Jiang, Xi Zhang, Jing Cui, Zhong Quan Wang., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
320. Co a jak sdílejí mravenci s rostlinami - je myrmekofilie významná pro utváření ekosystémů?
- Creator:
- Pavel Kovář
- Format:
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Zoologie, mravencovití, rostliny, ekosystémy, 2, and 59
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- The article primarily describes the original results of Czech research into interactions between ants and plants in Central Europe. The role of myrmecophily is illustrated by long-term case studies (mountain pastures, industrial deposits) at the ecosystem level. Facilitation and acceleration of spontaneous vegetation succession by the ants’ activity with their nest construction and seed dispersal can be used as a tool in assisted ecological restoration. and Pavel Kovář.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public