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292. Photosynthetic, physiological and biochemical events associated with polyethylene glycol-mediated osmotic stress tolerance in taro (Colocasia esculenta L. Schott)
- Creator:
- Sahoo, M. R., Dasgupta, M., Kole, P. C., and Mukherjee, A.
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- fotosyntéza, fyziologie, kolokázie jedlá, photosynthesis, physiology, taro, antioxidative enzymes, osmotic stress, polyethylene glycol, 2, and 581
- Language:
- Multiple languages
- Description:
- Six genotypes of taro (Colocasia esculenta L. Schott) were evaluated under in vitro and in vivo polyethylene glycol (PEG-6000)-mediated osmotic stress conditions. A significant variation in growth response was observed among the taro genotypes under in vitro-induced stress conditions. In vivo results indicated a significant effect of osmotic stress on photosynthetic parameters, such as net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, stomatal resistance, internal CO2 concentration, carboxylation efficiency, and transpiration efficiency on the tested genotypes at the tuberization stage. Lesser variations in photosynthesis and higher accumulation of proline, phenols, and antioxidative enzymes, namely, superoxide dismutase and guaiacol peroxidase, were associated with yield maintenance under osmotic stress conditions. The genotypes DP-89, IGCOL-4, and Ramhipur showed a higher degree of tolerance towards osmotic stress with a minimum variation in the studied parameters. These genotypes could be lines of interest for intensification of breeding strategies to develop drought-tolerant plants., M. R. Sahoo, M. Dasgupta, P. C. Kole, A. Mukherjee., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
293. Physiological role of FGF signaling in growth and remodeling of developing cardiovascular system
- Creator:
- Krejci, E., Živorad Peševski, Ondřej Naňka, and David Sedmera
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, fyziologie, physiology, chick embryo, vasculogenesis, myocyte proliferation, conotruncal banding, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling plays an important role during embryonic induction and patterning, as well as in modulating proliferative and hypertrophic growth in fetal and adult organs. Hemodynamically induced stretching is a powerful physiological stimulus for embryonic myocyte proliferation. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of FGF2 signaling on growth and vascularization of chick embryonic ventricular wall and its involvement in transmission of mechanical stretchinduced signaling to myocyte growth in vivo . Myocyte proliferation was significantly higher at the 48 h sampling interval in pressure-overloaded hearts. Neither Western blotting, nor immunohistochemistry performed on serial paraffin sections revealed any changes in the amount of myocardial FGF2 at that time point. ELISA showed a significant increase of FGF2 in the serum. Increased amount of FGF2 mRNA in the heart was confirmed by real time PCR. Blocking of FGF signaling by SU5402 led to decreased myocyte proliferation, hemorrhages in the areas of developing vasculature in epicardium and digit tips. FGF2 synthesis is increased in embryonic ventricular cardiomyocytes in response to increased stretch due to pressure overload. Inhibition of FGF signaling impacts also vasculogenesis, pointing to partial functional redundancy in paracrine control of cell proliferation in the developing heart., E. Krejci, Z. Pesevski, O. Nanka, D. Sedmera., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
294. Physiology of nitric oxide in the respiratory system
- Creator:
- Antošová, M., Daniela Mokrá, Pepucha, L., Jana Plevková, Buday, T., Sterusky, M., and Alica Benčová
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, oxid dusnatý, fyziologie, nitric oxide, physiology, nitric oxide synthase, respiratory system, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Nitric oxide (NO) is an important endogenous neurotransmitter and mediator. It participates in regulation of physiological processes in different organ systems including airways. Therefore, it is important to clarify its role in the regulation of both airway and vascular smooth muscle, neurotransmission and neurotoxicity, mucus transport, lung development and in the surfactant production. The bioactivity of NO is highly variable and depends on many factors: the presence and activity of NO-producing enzymes, activity of competitive enzymes (e.g. arginase), the amount of substrate for the NO production, the presence of reactive oxygen species and others. All of these can change NO primary physiological role into potentially harmful. The borderline between them is very fragile and in many cases not entirely clear. For this reason, the research focuses on a comprehensive understanding of NO synthesis and its metabolic pathways, genetic polymorphisms of NO synthesizing enzymes and related effects. Research is also motivated by frequent use of exhaled NO monitoring in the clinical manifestations of respiratory diseases. The review focuses on the latest knowledge about the production and function of this mediator and understanding the basic physiological processes in the airways., M. Antosova, D. Mokra, L. Pepucha, J. Plevkova, T. Buday, M. Sterusky, A. Bencova., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
295. Plasma dependent and independent accumulation of betaine in male and female rat tissues
- Creator:
- Slow, S., Lever, M., Chambers, S. T., and George, P. M.
- Format:
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- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, fyziologie, physiology, betaine, osmolyte, methyl donor, tissue content, rats, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Tissue betaine is an intracellular osmolyte that also provides a store of labile methyl groups. Despite these important biological roles, there are few data regarding tissue betaine content. We measured the betaine concentration of plasma and various tissues (brain, heart, lungs, liv er, kidney, spleen, intestine, reproductive tissues, skeletal muscle and skin) in male and female rats and assessed whether there were any gender-specific differences in betaine content or distribution and whether there was any relationship between tissue accumulation and plasma levels. Betaine was highest in the liver and kidney with values ranging from 1.6 to 9.5 mmol/l and 2.0 to 5.4 mmol/l, respectively. Plasma betaine concentrations were significantly lower than tissue levels except in the brain ( ≈ 25 % of plasma) and skeletal muscle (similar to pl asma). Regression analysis of the combined male and female data revealed a significant plasma-related accumulation of betaine in the heart, skin and skeletal muscle, while the lung, liver, kidney, spleen, and intestine showed significant plasma-related and plasma- independent accumulations of be taine. The betaine content of the skin, liver and kidney was no t significantly different between males and females, but in plasma and all tissues analyzed it was significantly higher in males (P<0.01)., S. Slow, M. Lever, S. T. Chambers, P. M. George., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
296. Plasma levels of dosulepine and heart electric field
- Creator:
- Eva Kitzlerová, Jaroslav Slavíček, Klára Semerádová, Martin Anders, Alena Dohnalová, and Marie Balíková
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, fyziologie, physiology, cardiotoxicity, dosulepine, plasma levels, ECG, heart electric field, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Antidepressants, particularly tricyclic (TCA) antidepressants, may have cardiotoxic effects, such as cardiac arrhythmias, especially in patients with cardiovascular diseases. For most of TCA, no exact correlation between dosage, plasma levels and changes of ECG parameters of standard ECG has been found. So far, no relationship between dosulepine plasma levels and heart electric field parameters has been studied. We selected 18 female outpatient subjects diagnosed with recurrent depressive disorders, currently in the remission phase (HAMD < 10), without any cardiovascular disease. Patients were treated with daily dosulepine doses of 25-125 mg for 4-8 weeks. 30 heart electric field parameters were analyzed by Cardiag 128.1 diagnostic system as part of BSPM (Body Surface Potential Mapping). Acquired data were correlated with dosulepine plasma levels by means of Spearmanís rank order correlation test. Four ECG parameters showed a significant correlation with dosulepine plasma levels: QRS axis deviation in frontal plane (p=0.01), DIAM 40 max (p < 0.05), QRS-STT angle in transversal and left sagittal plane (p < 0.05). The demonstrated changes confirmed dosulepine influence on the early myocardium depolarization phase and the correlation of this effect with dosulepine dose (its plasma concentration). The higher the dosulepine level, the more marked are the changes of the QRS-STT angle in transversal and sagittal planes and the changes in the QRS axis deviation in frontal plane. Repeatedly recorded changes in the heart electric field were dosulepine-specific and dependent on its plasma levels., E. Kitzlerová, I. Paclt, J. Slavíček, K. Pišvejcová, M. Anders, A. Dohnalová, M. Balíková., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
297. Plasma membrane density of GABAB-R1a, GABAB-R1b, Gaba-R2 and trimetic G-proteins in the course of postnatal development of rat brain cortex
- Creator:
- Dlouhá, K., Kagan, D., Roubalová, L., Ujčíková, H., and Svoboda, P.
- Format:
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, fyziologie, GABAB-R, postnatal development, rat brain cortex, g-proteins, Na, K-ATPase, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- K. Dlouhá ... [et al.]. and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
298. Plasma membrane microparticles in angiogenesis: role in ischemic diseases and in cancer
- Creator:
- Mostefai, H. A., Ramaroson Andriantsitohaina, and Martínez, M. C.
- Format:
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- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, fyziologie, endotel, ischemie, physiology, endothelium, ischemia, mikročástice, vývoj nádoru, microparticles, tumor development, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Microparticles are small fragments of the plasma membrane released by activated and/or apoptotic cells. In theory, all type of cells can shed microparticles representing a physiological process in the cell life. Mainly, microparticles generation has been studied in different cardiovascular pathologies due to the facility to obtain blood samples from individuals. Although microparticles have been considered as simply markers of several diseases, in the last decade, several studies support the hypothesis that they participate in the regulation of the cardiovascular system function by carrying biological messages between cells. Among the effects of microparticles, recent data show that they can be implicated in the modulation of neovascularization, an essential function of cells from cardiovascular system during either ischemic diseases or cancer development. Whereas during pathologies associated with ischemia an increase of neovascularization may have beneficial effects, anti-angiogenic strategies represent new approaches for manipulation of tumor development. Here, we give an overview of the mechanisms and factors involved in neovascularization, and finally, we look at the role and the consequences of the modulation of this process by microparticles in pathological situations., H. A. Mostefai, R. Andriantsitohaina, M. C. Martínez., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
299. Plasma prohepcidin as a negative acute phase reactant after large cardiac surgery with a deep hypothermic circulatory arrest
- Creator:
- Pavel Maruna, Jaroslav Lindner, Kunštýř, J., Kateřina M. Plocová, and Jaromír Hubáček
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, fyziologie, proteiny akutní fáze, cytokiny, chirurgie, physiology, acute phase proteins, cytokines, surgery, interleukin-6, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Hepcidin is a key regulator of iron metabolism and a mediator of anemia in inflammation. Recent in vitro studies recognized prohepcidin as a type II acute phase protein regulating via interleukin-6. The aim of the present study was to investigate the time course of plasma prohepcidin after a large cardiac surgery in relation to IL-6 and other inflam matory parameters. Patients with chronic thromboembolic hypertension (n=22, males/females 14/8, age 51.9±10.2 years) underwent pulmonary endarterectomy using cardiopulmonary bypass and deep hypothermic circulatory arrest were included into study. Arterial concentrations of prohepcidin, IL-1β , IL-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor-α , and C-reactive protein were measured before/after sternotomy, after circulatory arrest, after separation from bypass, and then 12, 18, 24, 36, 48 h and 72 h after the separation from bypass. Hemodynamic parameters, hematocrit and markers of iron metabolism were followed up. Pulmonary endarterectomy induced a 48 % fall in plasma prohepcidin; minimal concentrations were detected after separation from cardiopulmonary bypass. Prohepcidin decline correlated with an extracorporeal circulation time (p<0.01), while elevated IL-6 levels were inversely associated with duration of prohepcidin decline. Postoperative prohepcidin did not correlate with markers of iron metabolism or hemoglobin concentrations within a 72-h period after separation from CPB. Prohepcidin showed itself as a negative acute phase reactant during systemic inflammatory response syndrome associated with a cardiac surgery. Results indicate that the evolution of prohepcidin in postoperative period implies the antagonism of stimulatory effect of IL-6 and contraregulatory factors inhibiting prohepcidin synthesis or increasing prohepcidin clearance., P. Maruna ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
300. Plasma tissue factor in coronary artery disease: further step to the understanding of the basic mechanisms of coronary artery thrombosis
- Creator:
- Jan Vojáček, Jan Dušek, Josef Bis, Josef Šťásek, and Martin Blažek
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, fyziologie, věnčité tepny, arteriální trombóza, physiology, coronary arteries, arterial thrombosis, tkáňový faktor, tissue factor, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Tissue factor is a cell surface protein that is expressed constitutively by monocytes, macrophages and fibroblasts, but also by some other cells in response to a variety of stimuli. The main function of the tissue factor is to form a complex with factor VII/VIIa that converts factors IX and X to their active forms. Tissue factor is also involved in the pathophysiology of systemic inflammatory disorders, coagulopathies, atherosclerotic disease, tumor angiogenesis and metastasis. Increased tissue factor expression either locally in the coronary plaques or systematically on circulating blood elements of patients with acute coronary syndromes may be responsible for increased thrombin generation, thus leading to platelet activation and fibrin formation. Tissue factor therefore plays a pivotal role in the initiation of thrombotic complications in patients with coronary artery disease., J. Vojáček, J. Dušek, J. Bis, J. Šťásek, M. Blažek., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public