Upon closer study, the brief three-voice compositions by Johannes Tourout preserved in Bohemian sources of 15th-century polyphony with Latin texts turn out to be problematic. By analyzing the musical component of these compositions, the author of the study has determined that the works are contrafacta of chansons. At the same time, he has attempted to find the French texts for which Tourouts music may have been originally composed. Although the reconstruction is purely hypothetical, the results are an important argument in the current discussions of the musical culture of Central Europe in the latter half of the fifteenth century., Jaap van Benthem., Rubrika: Studie, and České resumé na s. 238, anglický abstrakt na s. 221.
a1_Úvod. Štúdia sa zaoberá výskumom reziliencie ako črty u uchádzačov o štúdium psychológie na Katedre psychológie FF UK v Bratislave v roku 2012. Metódy. 609 uchádzačov vyplnilo okrem vedomostnej a výkonovej skúšky aj Škálu reziliencie (Wagnild, Young, 1993). O niekoľko mesiacov (v prvom roku ich štúdia) 52 z prijatých uchádzačov vyplnilo v sérii dvoch retestov výkonový variant prijímacej skúšky a taktiež ďalšie dotazníky – Škála reziliencie, Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, MOS Social support scale, Life Orientation Test-Revised a Rosenbergovu škálu sebaúcty. Hypotézy. Autori predpokladali, že úspešní uchádzači skórujú vyššie v Škále reziliencie a signifikantný vzťah medzi rezilienciou a výkonom v testoch. U prijatých uchádzačov očakávali stabilitu skóre v Škále reziliencie v čase a taktiež dobrú konvergentnú a obsahovú validitu. Štatistická analýza. Autori použili korelačnú a regresnú analýzu. Prostredníctvom konfirmačnej faktorovej analýzy analyzovali štruktúru Škály reziliencie., a2_Výsledky. Vyššia úroveň reziliencie nesúvisela s lepším skóre na prijímacích pohovoroch. Škála reziliencie vykazuje veľmi dobré psychometrické vlastnosti. Škála je dostatočne reliabilná α = 0,818. Skóre zároveň signifikantne koreluje s konštruktmi ako optimizmus, sebaúcta, sociálna opora a zároveň s Connor-Davidsonovej škálou reziliencie, čo poukazuje na jej dobrú konvergentnú validitu. Limity štúdie. Použitie Škály reziliencie je limitujúce v dôsledku formulácie položiek, nakoľko je veľmi ľahké odpovedať takým spôsobom, aby človek pôsobil veľmi rezilientne. Vo vysoko kompetitívnom prostredí, ako sú prijímacie pohovory, môže situačný kontext a motivácia významne ovplyvniť výsledky., b1_Objectives. The study focuses on resilience in candidates for study of psychology in Dpt. of Psychology, FF UK Bratislava in 2012. Sample and setting. 609 candidates filled in besides the series of knowledge and performance tasks also Resilience Scale (Wagnild, Young, 1993). 52 of successful candidates (several months later during the 1st year of the studies), in the series of two retests filled in performance part of original exam and also further questionnaires - Resilience Scale, Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, MOS Social Support Scale, Life Orientation Test-Revised and Rosenberg Selfesteem scale. Hypotheses. It was expected that successful candidates will have higher score on the Resilience Scale and the significant relationship between resilience and performance task. Good testretest reliability, content and concurrent validity of Resilience Scale in successful candidates was expected, too. Statistical analysis. The series of correlational and regression analyses were conducted using confirmatory factor analysis to assess factor structure of the Resilience Scale., b2_Results. Higher score on the Resilience Scale was not associated with performance on the tests. Resilience Scale shows good psychometric properties. Scale is reliable enough (α=0,818). Score on the Resilience Scale significantly correlates with optimism, self-esteem, social support and also with Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale which points on good concurrent validity of the Resilience Scale. Study limitation. The limitation of using examined Resilience Scales is formulation of items – it is too easy to answer in such a way, that you “look” very resilient. In highly competitive setting such as entrance exams are, the situational context and motivation significantly affect the results., Barbora Mesárošová, Michal Hajdúk, Anton Heretik ml., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
The present study was performed to evaluate the role of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS)-derived nitric oxide (NO) during the developmental phase of hypertension in transgenic rats harboring the mouse Ren-2 renin gene (TGR). The first aim of the present study was to examine nNOS mRNA expression in the renal cortex and to assess the renal functional responses to intrarenal nNOS inhibition by S-methyl-L-thiocitrulline (L-SMTC) in heterozygous TGR and in age-matched transgene-negative Hannover Sprague-Dawley rats (HanSD). The second aim was to evaluate the role of the renal sympathetic nerves in mediating the renal functional responses to intrarenal nNOS inhibition. Thus, we also evaluated the effects of intrarenal L-SMTC administration in acutely denervated TGR and HanSD. Expression of nNOS mRNA in the renal cortex was significantly increased in TGR compared with HanSD. Intrarenal administration of L-SMTC decreased the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), renal plasma flow (RPF) and sodium excretion and increased renal vascular resistance (RVR) in HanSD. In contrast, intrarenal inhibition of nNOS by L-SMTC did not alter GFR, RPF or RVR and elicited a marked increase in sodium excretion in TGR. This effect of intrarenal L-SMTC was not observed in acutely denervated TGR. These results suggest that during the developmental phase of hypertension TGR exhibit an impaired renal vascular responsiveness to nNOS derived NO or an impaired ability to release NO by nNOS despite enhanced expression of nNOS mRNA in the renal cortex. In addition, the data indicate that nNOS-derived NO increases tubular sodium reabsorption in TGR and that the renal nerves play an important modulatory role in this process., L. Červenka, H. J. Kramer, J. Malý, I. Vaněčková, A. Bäcker, D. Bokemeyer, M. Bader, D. Ganten, K. D. Mitchell., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Studie je vnitřně soudržnou interpretací Rortyho pojetí poznání, jak je lze rekonstruovat na základě knihy Filosofie a zrcadlo přírody. Ačkoli Rorty kritizuje v podstatě všechny teorie poznání, lze ukázat, že sám pracuje s jistou pozitivní představou nejen o tom, v čem poznání nespočívá, nýbrž také o tom, oč v něm pozitivně jde. Studie popisuje podstatné ohledy Rortyho pojetí poznání (poznání jako praxe zdůvodňování, poznání jako popis, poznání jako upravování teorie, poznání jako zvládání) a předvádí Rortyho kritiku epistemologie s pozitivní oporou v konceptu sebeurčení. Závěr studie tematizuje otázku, jakým způsobem Rorty může zdůvodnit odmítnutí epistemologie a přijetí hermeneutického hlediska., This study is a systematic interpretation of Rorty’s conception of knowledge as it can be reconstructed on the basis of the book Philosophy and the Mirror of Nature. Although Rorty is sweeping in his criticism of theories of knowledge, it can still be shown that he himself works with a certain positive conception not only of what knowledge does not consist in, but also of what it positively concerns. The study describes the basic points of Rorty’s conception of knowledge (knowledge as the practice of justification, knowledge as description, knowledge as the modification of theory, knowledge as coping), and it presents Rorty’s critique of epistemology in favour of the concept of self-determination. The conclusion of the study looks at the question of how Rorty is able to justify the rejection of epistemology and the acceptance of a hermeneutical viewpoint., and Martin Ritter.
The Library of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic (ASL) manages a significant collection of books on aeronautics. The collection was assembled by the collector Eduard Langer more than a hundred years ago. Its part kept in the ASL consists of 67 printed books in 61 volumes. These are rarely preserved books from the 18th and 19th centuries in Italian, French, English, German and Latin. No other such extensive collection on this topic has been found in domestic libraries, and, although it is only a part of Langer’s original collection, it bears comparison even with collections of world-famous institutions. The text presents this remarkable collection in terms of provenance, authors and genres and is complemented by a list of printed books. and Andrea Jelínková.
Studie Vojtěcha Kyase se analyticky zabývá originálním zpracováním částí mešního textu Gloria, konkrétně Domine Deus a Agnus Dei, v mši Es dur, D 950, hudebního skladatele Franze Schuberta, This study focuses on the question of Schubert’s handling of the Mass text in the Gloria of his Mass in E-Flat Major, D 950. Schubert adapts the text of the Mass to his compositional and conceptual intent. Contrary to usual practice during that period, he joins the section Domine Deus, Agnus Dei together with the qui tollis peccata mundi into a single unit, attempts to make it sound as dramatic as possible, and understands it as a breaking point. This extensive musical passage of 86 measures differs from the surrounding music with its own tempo, meter, and tonal center. At the conclusion of the article, the author also makes reference to the importance of so-called historical concerts held at the home of the music historian R. G. Kiesewetter, which Schubert appears to have attended already before the year 1820., Vojtěch Kyas., Rubrika: Studie, and České resumé na s. 138, anglický abstrakt 131.
a1_Young intact (18 days of age) and adult ovariectomized (OV-X, ovariectomized between 21 to 24 days of age) C3H/Di mice were used to measure the estrogenicity on the basis of the growth response of mammary epithelial structures and weight of the uterus. The percentage area of the mammary fat pad occupied by mammary epithelial structures was progressively increased by 17ß estradiol from dose 0.001 µg.d-1. The maximum effective dose of estradiol was 0.01 µg.d-1 and the dose 10 µg.d-1 of estradiol decreased mammary size to control levels (inverted-U-shaped dose-response curve). Progesterone alone progressively stimulated mammary growth in young intact females from dose 125 µg.d-1, in adult OV-X animals from dose 1000 µg.d-1. Both in young intact and adult OV-X animals, uterine weight progressively increased during estradiol treatment. Progesterone alone had no effect on uterine weight in young intact animals; in adult OV-X animals, uterine weight was increased starting from dose 250 µg.d-1. Progesterone acted synergistically with estradiol to produce higher mammary growth than that in females treated with estradiol alone. The effects of a combination of estradiol plus progesterone in the mammary gland were mimicked by norethindrone acetate and inhibited by cortisol in both young intact and adult OV-X animals. Testosterone inhibited estradiol plus progesterone stimulated growth of mammary gland only in OV-X animals, but stimulated uterine weights in both young intact and adult OV-X animals. Spleen weight and size of mammary lymph nodes were not affected by estradiol, progesterone, norethindrone acetate or testosterone, but were decreased by cortisol. Cortisol also decreased the percent area of the mammary fat pad occupied by mammary epithelial structures, but had no effect on weight of the uterus. These results show that bioassay of estrogenicity in females is not specific., a2_Mammary and uterine growth is stimulated not only by estrogens but also by progesterone and testosterone, respectively. ., J. Škarda., and Obsahuje bibliografii
a1_Young intact (18 days old) and adult castrated males of CBA and C3H/Di mice were used for measuring the estrogenicity on the basis of growth response of mammary epithelial structures and the weight of seminal vesicles. It was demonstrated that heavier young males had disproportionally heavier seminal vesicles (sex steroid-responsive organs) than small animals at day 33 of age (that is on the day when experimental animals were killed and organs dissected). However, the weight of the spleen (sex steroid-nonresponsive organ) was proportionally related to body weight. To minimize variability in hormone responsiveness, all animals were weighed at the age of 18 days and only males weighing 8±1 g were used for hormone treatment. The percentage area of mammary fat pad occupied by mammary epithelial structures was progressively increased by 17ß estradiol from dose 0.01 µg.d-1. The maximum effective dose of estradiol was 0.1 µg.d-1 and dose 10 µg.d-1 of estradiol decreased mammary size to control level (inverted-U-shaped dose-response curve). Progesterone alone stimulated mammary growth only in high doses (500 µg.d-1 and higher) in young intact males, but had no effect on mammary growth in adult castrated animals. In young intact males, estradiol alone, or progesterone alone decreased the weight of seminal vesicles. No such inhibitory effect of these hormones was noted in adult castrated males. Progesterone acted synergistically with estradiol to produce higher mammary growth compared to that in males treated with estradiol alone. In the presence of progesterone seminal vesicles weight was decreased by estradiol given in such low doses as 0.001 µg.d-1 of estradiol, which is 10 times lower than that effective in animals treated with estradiol alone. On the other hand, in the adult castrated males a combination of estradiol plus progesterone stimulated seminal vesicles weight., a2_The effects of a combination of estradiol plus progesterone in the mammary gland were mimicked by norethindrone acetate (a synthetic steroid exhibiting progestantial and estrogenic activities) and inhibited by both testosterone and cortisol. Estradiol, progesterone, norethindrone acetate, or testosterone did not affect spleen weight and size of mammary lymph nodes. However, cortisol significantly decreased not only spleen weights but also size of mammary lymph nodes. These results show that simultaneous evaluation of mammary gland growth, seminal vesicles, and the spleen weight in the same animal is suitable for bioassay of estrogenicity as well as for detection of androgenic and antiandrogenic activities., J. Škarda., and Obsahuje bibliografii
a1_The decreased oxidizability of plasma lipoproteins is related to the increased vitamin E intake and its association with a relatively lower incidence of coronary heart disease has been proposed. We investigated the effect of the in vivo vitamin E supplementation on the oxidizability of serum lipids in patients with ischemic heart disease and a moderate hypercholesterolemia. Thirty-two patients (16 males and 16 postmenopausal women) participated in this placebo-controlled, randomized trial. They were treated with 400 mg vitamin E/day for 6 weeks. The copper-induced serum lipid oxidizability ex vivo was assessed by measuring conjugated diene formation at 245 nm. We also measured vitamin E, malondialdehyde (MDA) and uric acid concentrations in the plasma. Because of observed significant differences in parameters of serum lipid oxidizability (lag time and maximal rate of oxidation), plasma a-tocopherol and MDA levels between male patients and postmenopausal women supplemented with vitamin E, the results were compared between both genders. Six weeks of vitamin E supplementation significantly increased plasma vitamin E levels (by 87 %) in male patients but in postmenopausal women only by 34 %. Concomitantly with increased plasma levels of vitamin E the decrease in plasma MDA levels was observed in male patients (decrease by 20 %; p=0.008), but in postmenopausal women the decrease did not attain statistical significance. Plasma uric acid levels were not apparently changed in placebo or vitamin E supplemented groups of patients. The changes in ex vivo serum lipid oxidizability after vitamin E, supplementation have shown a significantly prolonged lag time (by 11 %; p=0.048) and lowered rate of lipid oxidation (by 21 %; p=0.004) in male patients in comparison with postmenopausal women., a2_Linear regression analysis revealed a significant correlation between plasma vitamin E levels and the lag time (r=0.77; p=0.03) and the maximal rate of serum lipid oxidation (r=-0.70; p=0.05) in male patients. However, in postmenopausal women the correlations were not significant. We conclude that 400 mg vitamin E/day supplementation in patients with ischemic heart disease and a moderate hypercholesterolemia influenced favorably ex vivo serum lipid oxidation of male patients when compared with postmenopausal women. The observed differences between both genders could be useful in the selection of the effective vitamin E doses in the prevention of coronary heart disease., A. Nagyová, V. Mongiellová, Z. Krivošíková, P. Blažíček, V. Spustová, M. Gajdoš, R. Dzúrik., and Obsahuje bibliografii