The relationship is shown between a concentration of urinary iodine and serum thyroglobulin in population studies carried out on a general population that was randomly selected from the registry of the General Health Insurance Company (individuals aged 6-98 years, 1751 males, 2420 females). The individuals were divided into subgroups with a urinary iodine concentration of <50, 50-99, 100-199, 200-299 and ≥300 μg/l. The mean and median of thyroglobulin were calculated in these subgroups. Tg concentrations were dependent on gender (males<females), age (thyroglobulin increased with age) and statistically significant negative relationship was observed between thyroglobulin and urinary iodine in individuals with urinary iodine <300 μg/l and the age under 65 years. Upper nonparametric tolerance limits of thyroglobulin in relation to iodine intake were calculated in subgroup of normal individuals (n=1858, thyroglobulin, urinary iodine, thyrotropin and free thyroxine were within the normal reference range). Upper limits were dependent on gender and age. The total value of upper limits is 44 μg/l; for individuals aged 6-17 years it is 39.1 μg/l; 18-65 years = 51.4 μg/l and 66-98 years = 60.6 μg/l. In general, thyroglobulin serum concentrations higher than 40 μg/l should be an indicator for determining urinary iodine., R. Bílek, J. Čeřovská, V. Zamrazil., and Obsahuje bibliografii
The system of IGF-I and its binding proteins may be involved in the pathogenesis of vascular damage in Type 1 diabetes. The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between this system and the microvascular reactivity in Type 1 diabetes as measured by laser-Doppler flowmetry. Twenty-two Type 1 diabetic patients (13 women and 9 men) with microangiopathy and fifteen healthy subjects (8 women and 7 men) were examined clinically, underwent laser-Doppler flowmetry and intima-media thickness measurements. Fasting serum levels of IGF-I, free IGF-I, IGFBPs and lipids were examined. The microvascular reactivity was impaired in Type 1 diabetic patients. Maximal perfusion during post-occlusive reactive hyperemia (PORHmax) and during thermal hyperemia (THmax) was significantly decreased in Type 1 diabetes (p<0.01). Percentage perfusion increase in both tests (PORH and TH) was lower in Type 1 diabetes mellitus (p<0.01) and the reaction after heating was slower in diabetic patients (THmax/t) (p<0.01). We did not find any significant dependence of microvascular reactivity on the parameters of IGF-I or its binding proteins. We conclude that the microvascular reactivity is impaired in Type 1 diabetes mellitus, but this impairment is not clearly dependent on the activity of the IGF-I system. It is probably only a complementary pathogenic factor., M. Kršek, M. Prázný, J. Škrha, V. Justová, Z. Lacinová, T. Haas., and Obsahuje bibliografii
The aim of this work was to determine two types of photosynthetic water-use efficiency in order to examine their utility as selection criteria for tolerance of energy crops to soil water deficit. Furthermore, effects of crop cultivation on soil water content and storage were investigated. Seven energy crops were examined: miscanthus, prairie cordgrass, willow, thorn-free rose, Virginia mallow, Bohemian knotweed, and topinambour. The highest values of instantaneous (WUE) and intrinsic (WUEi) water-use efficiencies were found for miscanthus and prairie cordgrass. The reduction of WUE and/or WUEi was caused mainly by a rapid rise in the transpiration rate and a greater stomatal conductance, respectively. Principal component analysis showed that neither WUE nor WUEi could be recommended as universal selection criteria for the drought tolerance in different energy crops. The proper localization of soil with a good supply of water is most the important condition for energy crop plantations., S. Podlaski, S. Pietkiewicz, D. Chołuj, T. Horaczek, G. Wiśniewski, D. Gozdowski, H. M. Kalaji., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Objectives. The present study investigated the relative importance of multiple aspects of personal resiliency for the development of externalising and internalising adjustment problems in adolescence. Subjects and setting. The sample comprised 805 adolescents (45.2% boys and 54.8% girls) from seven high schools in Kraljevo, Serbia. The mean age of the adolescents was 16.71 (SD = 1.05; range 15-18 years). The participants filled out questionnaires concerning their personal resiliency and adjustment problems during school hours. Hypotheses. It was hypothesised that sense of mastery and sense of relatedness would be negatively associated with adjustment problems, whereas emotional reactivity would be positively related to externalising and internalising problems. Statistical analyses. Descriptive statistics and correlational and regression analyses were used. Results. The findings indicated that lower levels of sense of mastery and sense of relatedness and higher levels of emotional reactivity were related to antisocial behaviour, anger control problems, emotional distress and negative sense of self. Personal resiliency accounted for a significant amount of the variance (21-37%) in all types of adjustment problems. Further analyses revealed unique relationships between separate qualities of personal resilience and each type of adjustment problem. Study limitations. The present study is limited to one cultural setting and age group. The results were based on cross-sectional and self-reported data., Cíle. Studie zkoumá relativní důležitost aspektů osobní resilience pro vývoj externalizování a internalizování při vyrovnávání se s problémy v adolescenci. Soubor. Soubor zahrnoval 805 adolescentů (45,2 % chlapců a 54,8 % děvčat) ze sedmi středních škol v Kraljevu v Srbsku. Průměrný věk adolescentů byl 16,71 (směrodatná odchylka 1,05, rozpětí 15 až 18 let). Účastníci vyplnili dotazníky zjišťující jejich osobní resilienci a vyrovnávání se s problémy během školních hodin. Hypotézy. Autoři předpokládali, že úroveň dovedností a úroveň vztahů budou negativně asociovány s vyrovnáváním se s problémy, zatímco emoční reaktivita bude v pozitivním vztahu k externalizování a internalizování problémů. Statistická analýza. Byly použity metody deskriptivní statistiky a korelační a regresní analýza. Výsledky. Nižší úroveň dovedností a nižší úroveň vztahů a vyšší úroveň emoční reaktivity jsou ve vztahu k antisociálnímu chování, problémy se zvládáním hněvu, emočním distresem a negativním sebepojetím. Osobní resilience vysvětlila značnou část variance (21-37 %) ve všech typech problémů. Další analýzy ukázaly jedinečné vztahy mezi jednotlivými složkami osobní resilience a všemi typy problémů. Omezení studie. Studie je omezena danou kulturou a věkovou skupinou. Výsledky jsou založeny na transverzální metodě a datech ze subjektivních výpovědí., Vesna Žunić-Pavlović [et al.]., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
We introduce a new magnetic resonance (MR) method based on a pixel-by-pixel image processing to examine relationships between metabolic and structural processes in the pathologic hippocampus. The method was tested for lateralization of the epileptogenic zone in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Twenty patients with drug-resistant TLE and fifteen healthy controls were examined at 3T. The measurement protocol contained T2-weighted MR images, spectroscopic imaging, diffusion tensor imaging and T2 relaxometry. Correlations between quantitative MR parameters were calculated on a pixelby- pixel basis using the CORIMA program which enables automated pixel identification in the normal tissue according to control data. All MR parameters changed in the anteroposterior direction in the hippocampus and correlation patterns and their slopes differed between patients and controls. Combinations of T2 relaxation times with metabolite values represent the best biomarkers of the epileptogenic zone. Correlations with mean diffusivity did not provide sufficiently accurate results due to diffusion image distortions. Quantitative MR analysis noninvasively provides a detailed description of hippocampal pathology and may represent complementary tool to the standard clinical protocol. However, the automated processing should be carefully monitored in order to avoid possible errors caused by MR artifacts., D. Wagnerová, V. herynek, M. Dezortová, P. Marusič, P. Kršek, J. Zámečník, F. Jírů, A. Škoch, M. Hájek., and Obsahuje bibliografii
The trichostrongylid nematode Travassostrongylus scheibelorum sp. n. from the Linnaeus' mouse opossum, Marmosa murina (Linnaeus) (type host), and the woolly mouse opossum, Marmosa demerarae (Thomas), from French Guiana is described. The nematodes have a synlophe with ridges frontally oriented from right to left, six dorsal and six ventral, at midbody; seven dorsal and seven ventral posterior to the vulva, and two cuticular thickenings within the lateral spaces; a long dorsal ray and a pointed cuticular flap covering the vulva. This is the 12th species of Travassostrongylus Orloff, 1933, which includes species featuring ridges around the synlophe and a didelphic condition. These traits contrast with those in other genera in the Viannaiidae Neveu-Lemaire, 1934, which feature ventral ridges on the synlophe of adults and a monodelphic condition. Members of the family are chiefly Neotropical and are diagnosed based on the presence of a bursa of the type 2-2-1, 2-1-2 or irregular, and cuticle without ridges on the dorsal side (at least during one stage of their development). Herein, we present a reconstruction of the ancestral states of the didelphic/monodelphic condition and the cuticular ridges that form the synlophe in opossum-dwelling trichostrongyles, namely Travassostrongylus and Viannaia Travassos, 1914. Our investigations suggest they are not reciprocal sister taxa and that the change from didelphy to monodelphy and the loss of dorsal ridges, occurred in the common ancestor of species of Viannaia. These results suggest a synlophe with three ventral ridges is not plesiomorphic in the opossum dwelling trichostrongylids.
Three extrinsic polypeptides and manganese cluster were sequentially released from the membrane when photosystem 2 (PS2) membranes were kept under high hydrostatic pressure. The 17 kDa polypeptide was the most sensitive, while the 33 kDa polypeptide was the most reluctant to the treatment with high pressure. The release of manganese was not simply correlated with the loss of 33 kDa polypeptide. The losing of oxygen-evolving activity of PS2 was synchronised with the releasing of extrinsic polypeptides and manganese. and Y. Yu ... [et al.].
The article is devoted to an evaluation of the traditional Polish psychology. However the conceptual apparatus of the traditional Polish psychology was based on the Central European theory of intentionality, the development of Polish psychology led to the theory of psychophysical psychological functions (the theory of „actions and products”). The author’s conclusion is that the conceptual apparatus of the theory of „actions and products” may be useful in current philosophical and psychological theories of mind and cognitive processes., Jerzy Bobryk., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
This article attempts to reconstruct the heathen cults which existed in Jerusalem, after the destruction of the second temple in 70 CE and especially after the foundation of the Roman colony of Aelia Capitolina on the ruins of the Jewish city, in the first half or the second century CWE. Based on all the currently available literary and archaeological sources, this area of research reveals that the pantheon of Aelia Capitolina was exclusively Graeco-Roman, as was the case with the city of Sebaste/Samaria. Those two religious centers dissociate themselves from the Palestinian paganism, in the Roman era, which was profoundly characterized by the syncretistic merger of the Greek and Roman religions with ancient Phoenician and Syrian cults.