More than half of all of the children in the world, which die before the age of five, die in Africa. Wider availability of several highly effecti - ve interventions such as oral rehyd - ration therapy in cases of diarrhoea could prevent large proportion of these child deaths. Unfortunately these interventions are usually not available in African countries. Ho - wever both availability of different life-saving health interventions and child mortality varies a lot across African countries. The purpose of this article is to explore what are determinants of child mortality and availability of these interventions in Africa. Both a review of existing research and a statistical analysis of data from 41 African countries point to the quality of governance and control of corruption as the most significant determinant of health system performance and availability of these life-saving interventions in Africa., Jan Klusáček, and Literatura
The subject of liability for damage to client caused during performance of social services in residential establishments becomes increasingly relevant. As opposed to the liability for damage caused during performance of health services, this subject is rather underappreciated by general members of the legal profession. For this reason RILSA produced a study „Legal aspects of liability for damage caused to a client while providing a social-health care in residential establishment for social services“ that aimed to find out the level of knowledge among the providers of residential social services in the area of liability for damage. To find out the level of legal knowledge of providers of residential social services, a question form was distributed randomly in the Czech Republic. We found out, that providers of residential social services know about the existence of liability for damage and that they are insured. But in the case of significant incurred damage or in the case of more damages within one year the insurance coverage limit might not be sufficient. However, the knowledge of legal terms of liability for damage eventually caused to their clients is limited and current way of obtaining the knowledge by individual study is insufficient., Daniela Bruthansová, Věra Jeřábková, and Literatura
Health Technology Assessment (HTA) denotes a process (resp. a study), the objective of which is to get an idea about clinical, economic and ethical aspects of a health technology, including its effect to the quality of life, and a consequent assessment. The output of this process is compiled under strict methodological conditions, and it has only a character of recommendation. Abroad, HTA is intensely used above all to complex comparing two (or several) technologies. When the origin of HTA goes back to 1960 ́s and 1970 ́s, the first information appeared in the Czech Republic in the beginning of this millennium. No Czech institution is a member of international organizations INEHTA and HTAi, which makes any access to foreign know- how more difficult. Although no complex study has been probably produced in the Czech Republic, some efforts to a larger utilization of HTA methods can be seen, above all in pharmacoeconomics. What discourages their higher utilization is a lack of interest in results of HTA studies from the side of health care providers, decision makers (the Ministry, regional administrations, health insurance companies), missing methodology, absence of methodological guidance (non-existence of a national agency), pending funding, and (non)-participation in international networks., Vladimír Rogalewicz, Ivana Juřičková, and Literatura
V tomto článku se zabýváme koncepčním zakotvením institutu „dříve projevených přání pacienta“. Institut vychází ze tří konceptů, z práva na sebeurčení, práva na ochranu lidské důstojnosti a právo na nedotknutelnost osoby. Člověk je kontextuální bytí. Z faktu kontextuality pak vyplývá požadavek kontextuální interpretace pacientova textu., In this article we reflect upon human rights principles of advance directives. Advance directives come from three concepts: right of self-determination, respect for human dignity and respect to human dignity. Human person is a contextual being. From the fact of contextuality comes demand for contextual interpretation of the patient’s text., Jaromír Matějek, and Literatura
Článek navazuje na první část, ve které se autoři zaměřili na systém sociálního pojištění ve Slovenské republice, působnost lékařské posudkové služby v systému sociálního zabezpečení a posuzování zdravotního stavu a pracovní schopnosti v nemocenském pojištění. Článek přináší informace o posuzování v dalších dvou systémech sociálního zabezpečení v důchodovém a v úra zovém pojištění. V závěru autoři uvádí vývoj invalidizace ve Slovenské republice a pro srovnání i vývoj invalidizace v České republice., This article is the continuation to part one, where the authors focused on the social insurance system in the Slovak Republic, the scope of the Medical Assessment Service activities inside the social insurance system and at the medical expert judgement of the health state and temporary incapacity of work in the health insurance. This article brings information about the medical judgment in two other areas of the social insurance – the disability and accident insurance. At the end of this article the trend of disability in the Slovak Republic in comparison to the Czech Republic in the same timeframe from year 2005 to 2009., Libuše Čeledová, Jaroslava Bojcúnová, Rostislav Čevela, and Literatura
Plýtvání se vyskytuje v každém podniku, ve všech oblastech, proto je nutné, aby jej všichni pracovníci neustále aktivně vyhledávali, identifikovali a bylo následně odstraněno s cílem zvýšit produktivitu práce a snížit náklady. Výjimkou není ani zdravotnické zařízení, kde lze redukovat náklady pomocí vhodně nastavených interních standardů. Tento článek vás seznámí s první fází projektu Mapování životního cyklu interních standardů v nemocnicích, který byl vytvořen v rámci diplomové práce. Odkryje nedostatky v procesu tvorby interních standardů a v závěru poukazuje na jejich možná řešení., Wasting occurs in every company, in all areas, it is therefore necessary that all staff is constantly it actively looking for, identify, and was subsequently removed to increase productivity and reduce costs. The exceptions are not health care institutions, where you can reduce costs by using the appropriate set of internal standards. This article to introduce you the first phase of the project Mapping the life cycle of internal standards in hospitals, which was created in the framework of the master theses. Mapping reveals the shortcomings in the process of formation of internal standards and at the end points to their possible solutions., Radka Kejmarová, and Literatura