Úvod: Incidence kolorektálního karcinomu narůstá. Nejlepší léčebné výsledky má multimodální léčba, jejíž základní součástí je snaha o R0 resekci všech nádorových ložisek. Materiál a metodika: Byla provedena literární rešerše v souvislosti z vlastními zkušenostmi. Výsledky: Spektrum chirurgických zákroků zahrnuje endoskopickou submukózní resekci, transanální endoskopickou mikrochirurgii, laparoskopické resekce, otevřené resekce a cytoredukční chirurgii s peritonektomií a hypertermickou intraperitoneální chemoterapií. Nově se kromě konceptu totální mezorektální excize začíná uplatňovat také koncept totální mezokolické excize, který vede k nižšímu počtu lokálních recidiv a zvýšenému přežívání. Závěr: Stejně jako protinádorová farmakoterapie se významně stále vyvíjí i chirurgická léčba. K určení správné pozice jednotlivých chirurgických postupů v multimodálním algoritmu léčby je nutné sledování pacientů ve vhodných databázích, případně je léčit v rámci studií., Background: The incidence of colorectal carcinoma has been increasing. Only a multimodal treatment provides the best results. Surgical R0 resection of all tumour sites is the goal of all treatment regimes. Material and methods: A survey on the literature and our experiences has been conducted. Results: Surgical treatment comprises endoscopic submucosal dissection, transanal endoscopic microsurgery, laparoscopy, open surgery and cytoreduction surgery with the hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy. The news is the total mesocolic excision that similarly to the total mesorectal excision provides fewer local relapses and higher long-term survival. Conclusion: Similarly to anti-tumoral medical therapy, the surgery has been developing as well. It is necessary to enrol the patients into suitable databases to state the proper position of all surgical methods in the multimodal treatment algorithm., Zdeněk Kala, Petr Kysela, Lenka Ostřížková, Igor Kiss, Vlastimil Válek, Tomáš Andrašina, and Lit.: 3
Karcinom ledviny se liší od ostatních nádorů v mnoha aspektech svým biologickým chováním, s čímž pak také souvisí odlišný terapeutický přístup. Vzhledem k chemorezistenci má v systémové terapii karcinomu ledviny hlavní místo cílená léčba, působící především na vaskulární endoteliální růstový faktor, který hraje klíčovou roli v etiopatogenezi a progresi nádorů ledvin., Renal cancer differs from other tumours by its biological behaviour, having an impact on its therapeutic approach. Due to chemoresistance, targeted therapy plays a major role in the treatment of renal carcinoma, targeting mainly vascular endothelial growth factor, a keystone in renal carcinoma etiopathogenesis and progression., Hana Procházková-Študentová, Bohuslav Melichar, and Lit.: 32
Clear cell odontogenic carcinoma (CCOC) is a rare odontogenic tumor associated with aggressive clinical behavior, metastasis and low survival. We report a case of CCOC affecting the maxilla of 62 year-old woman. It was first described as a clinicopathological entity in 1985 and to date only 67 cases were described in the English literature. We are understanding of the behavior of this carcinomas was depend on limited case reports. For these reason we found important to report this case of CCOC in the maxilla., Zahide Mine Yazici, Ozgur Mete, Zubeyde Elmalı, İbrahim Sayin, Rasim Yilmazer, Fatma Tulin Kayhan, and Literatura 8
More than half of all of the children in the world, which die before the age of five, die in Africa. Wider availability of several highly effecti - ve interventions such as oral rehyd - ration therapy in cases of diarrhoea could prevent large proportion of these child deaths. Unfortunately these interventions are usually not available in African countries. Ho - wever both availability of different life-saving health interventions and child mortality varies a lot across African countries. The purpose of this article is to explore what are determinants of child mortality and availability of these interventions in Africa. Both a review of existing research and a statistical analysis of data from 41 African countries point to the quality of governance and control of corruption as the most significant determinant of health system performance and availability of these life-saving interventions in Africa., Jan Klusáček, and Literatura
Comparative assessment of clinical efficiency of omeprazole and rabeprazole in treating gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). 65 patients with a verified diagnosis GERD were examined. Comparative clinical investigations of using of omeprazole and rabeprazole have revealed effectiveness of both drugs in the therapy of GERD. However, rabeprazole showed antisecretory action in the earlier periods, providing stable clinical remission of GERD and early scarring of erosive lesions of the esophageal mucosa, compared with omeprazole., Mirvasit Karimov, Abdujabar Akhmatkhodjaev, and Literatura
The authors demonstrate the possibility of improving surgical results by the reduction of perioperative bleeding in thoracic surgery associated with extended resection procedures. We focused on patients in whom the expected perioperative blood loss was greater than 500 ml. The first group consisted of patients with lung cancer stage III A after neoadjuvant chemotherapy had been indicated to extend the resection procedure. The second group consisted of patients with chest wall and mediastinum tumors of various etiologies. The third group consisted of patients with post-inflammatory thoracic complications in whom combined decortication and pleurectomy was necessary. By the using the local hemostyptic Traumastem TAF on the basis of oxidized cellulose, it is possible to minimize the perioperative blood loss, thus sparing the blood derivative requirement and enabling surgeons to provide the desired treatment even to high-risk patients., Petr Habal, Nedal Omran, Jiří Manďák, Jiří Šimek, Milan Štětina, and Literatura 16