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82. Differential responsiveness in VEGF receptor subtypes to hypoxic stress in various tissues of plateau animals
- Creator:
- Xie, H.-C., Li, J.-G., and He, J.-P.
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- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, srdce, plíce, heart, lungs, hypoxic stress, HIF-1α, VEGFRs, skeletal muscle, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- a1_With hypoxic stress, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) are elevated and their responses are altered in skeletal muscles of plateau animals [China Qinghai-Tibetan plateau pikas (Ochotona curzoniae )] as compared with control animals [normal lowland Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats]. The results indicate that HIF-1α and VEGF are engaged in physiological functions under hypoxic environment. The purpose of the current study was to examine the protein levels of VEGF receptor subtypes (VEGFRs: VEGFR-1, VEGFR-2 and VEGFR-3) in the end organs, namely skeletal muscle, heart and lung in response to hypoxic stress. ELISA and Western blot analysis were employed to determine HIF-1α and the protein expression of VEGFRs in control animals and plateau pikas. We further blocked HIF-1α signal to determine if HIF-1α regulates alternations in VEGFRs in those tissues. We hypothesized that responsiveness of VEGFRs in the major end organs of plateau animals is differential with insult of hypoxic stress and is modulated by low oxygen sensitive HIF-1α. Our results show that hypoxic stress induced by exposure of lower O2 for 6 h significantly increased the levels of VEGFR-2 in skeletal muscle, heart and lung and the increases were amplified in plateau pikas. Our results also demonstrate that hypoxic stress enhanced VEGFR-3 in lungs of plateau animals. Nonetheless, no significant alternations in VEGFR-1 were observed in those tissues with hypoxic stress. Moreover, we observed decreases of VEGFR-2 in skeletal muscle, heart and lung; and decreases of VEGFR-3 in lung following HIF-1α inhibition. Overall, our findings suggest that in plateau animals 1) responsiveness of VEGFRs is different under hypoxic environment; 2) amplified VEGFR-2 response appears in skeletal muscle, heart and lung, and enhanced VEGFR-3 response is mainly observed in lung; 3) HIF-1α plays a regulatory role in the levels of VEGFRs. Our results provide the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms responsible for hypoxic environment in plateau animals, having an impact on research of physiological and ecological adaptive responses to acute or chronic hypoxic stress in humans who living at high attitude and who live at a normal sea level but suffer from hypoxic disorders., H.-C. Xie, J.-G. Li, J.-P. He., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
83. Dírkonošci a třetihorní Jadran na Moravě
- Creator:
- Poštulková, Anna
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- article, text, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Biologické vědy, biologie, dírkonošci, prvoci, mořští živočichové, paleoekologie, biology, Foraminifera, Protozoa, sea animals, paleoecology, Morava jižní (Česko), Moravia, Southern (Czechia), 2, and 57/59
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- Dírkonošci (Foraminifera), mořští prvoci s vápenatou schránkou, obývají naši planetu více než půl miliardy let. Zkoumáním způsobu života těch současných se mnohé dozvíme o jejich pravěkých předcích i o dávných mořích, ve kterých žili., Foraminifera - a rich group of mainly marine microorganisms - are widely used for paleoecological reconstructions. Their occurrence provides important data about past ecological conditions of the sites. We reconstructed former conditions in Židlochovice research site (southern Moravia) by comparing fossil communities with the recent ones present on the island of Rab (Adriatic Sea)., and Anna Poštulková.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
84. Diskuse o migraci bez emocí a politické korektnosti
- Creator:
- Jaroslav Pánek
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- Type:
- article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Věda. Všeobecnosti. Základy vědy a kultury. Vědecká práce, emigrace, konference, emigranti, emigrants, emigration, conferences, 12, and 00
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- Čeští a němečtí odborníci v oboru historie, sociální geografie, ekonomie, politologie, teologie a orientalistiky promluvili ve veřejné panelové diskusi „Uprchlíci a my: Česká očekávání a německá zkušenost“, kterou za účasti německého velvyslance Arndta Freiherra Freytaga von Loringhovena uspořádala Učená společnost ČR 19. dubna 2016 v budově Akademie věd ČR. Následná rozsáhlá debata prokázala velký zájem veřejnosti o tuto tematiku. Zveřejňujeme úvodní slovo prof. Jaroslava Pánka z Historického ústavu AV ČR v původním znění, které na diskusi muselo být vzhledem k omezenému času značně zkráceno. and Jaroslav Pánek.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
85. Disparity between two-dimensional echocardiographic and electroanatomic left and right atrial volumes in patients undergoing catheter ablation for long-standing persistent atrial fibrillation
- Creator:
- Lucyna Škňouřil, Štěpán Havránek, Veronika Bulková, Miloslav Dorda, Tomáš Paleček, Jan Šimek, Fingrová, Z., Aleš Linhart, Jaroslav Januška, Dan Wichterle, and Martin Fiala
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- Type:
- article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, echoencefalografie, echoencephalography, long-standing atrial fibrillation, atrial volume, electroanatomic mapping, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Left atrial (LA) volume (LAV) is used for the selection of patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) to rhythm control strategies. Calculation of LAV from the LA diameters and areas by two-dimensional (2D) echocardiography may result in significant error. Accuracy of atrial volume assessment has never been studied in patients with long-standing persistent AF (LSPAF) and significant atrial remodeling. This study investigated correlation and agreement between 2D echocardiographic (Simpson method) and electroanatomic (CARTO, Biosense Webster) left and right atrial (RA) volumes (LAVECHO vs. LAVCARTO and RAVECHO vs. RAVCARTO) in patients undergoing catheter ablation for LSPAF. The study enrolled 173 consecutive subjects (females: 21 %, age: 59±9 years). There was only modest correlation between LAVECHO (92±31 ml) and LAVCARTO (178±37 ml) (R=0.57), and RAVECHO (71±29 ml) and RAVCARTO (173±34 ml) (R=0.42), respectively. LAVECHO and RAVECHO underestimated LAVCARTO and RAVCARTO with the absolute bias (±1.96 standard deviation) of -85 (-148; -22) ml and -102 (-169; -35) ml, respectively, and with the relative bias of -48 (-75; -21) % and -59 (-88; -30) %, respectively (all P<0.000001 for their mutual difference). Significant confounders of this difference were not identified. In patients with LSPAF, 2D echocardiography significantly underestimated both LA and RA volumes as compared with electroanatomic reference. This disagreement was independent of clinical, echocardiographic and mapping characteristics., L. Škňouřil, Š. Havránek, V. Bulková, M. Dorda, T. Paleček, J. Šimek, Z. Fingrová, A. Linhart, J. Januška, D. Wichterle, M. Fiala., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
86. Distinct response of fat and gastrointestinal tissue to glucose in gestational diabetes mellitus and polycystic ovary syndrome
- Creator:
- Daniela Vejražková, Lischkova, O., Marie Vaňková, Stanicka, S., Jana Vrbíková, Petra Lukášová, Josef Včelák, Vacinova, G., and Běla Bendlová
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- Type:
- article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, syndrom polycystických ovarií, inkretiny, polycystic ovary syndrome, incretins, gestational diabetes mellitus, glucose tolerance, adipokines, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are distinct pathologies with impaired insulin sensitivity as a common feature. The aim of this study was to evaluate the response of fat tissue adipokines and gastrointestinal incretins to glucose load in patients diagnosed with one of the two disorders and to compare it with healthy controls. Oral glucose tolerance test (oGTT) was performed in 77 lean young women: 22 had positive history of GDM, 19 were PCOS patients, and 36 were healthy controls. Hormones were evaluated in fasting and in 60 min intervals during the 3 h oGTT using Bio-Plex ProHuman Diabetes 10-Plex Assay for C-peptide, ghrelin, GIP, GLP1, glucagon, insulin, leptin, total PAI1, resistin, visfatin and Bio-Plex ProHuman Diabetes Adipsin and Adiponectin Assays (Bio-Rad). Despite lean body composition, both PCOS and GDM women were more insulin resistant than controls. Significant postchallenge differences between the GDM and PCOS groups were observed in secretion of adipsin, leptin, glucagon, visfatin, ghrelin, GIP, and also GLP1 with higher levels in GDM. Conversely, PCOS was associated with the highest resistin, C-peptide, and PAI1 levels. Our data suggest that decreased insulin sensitivity observed in lean women with GDM and PCOS is associated with distinct hormonal response of fat and gastrointestinal tissue to glucose load., D. Vejrazkova, O. Lischkova, M. Vankova, S. Stanicka, J. Vrbikova, P. Lukasova, J. Vcelak, G. Vacinova, B. Bendlova., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
87. Diverzita štírů rodu Euscorpius - proč nedají ani současným arachnologům spát?
- Creator:
- Plíšková, Jana
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- article, text, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Biologické vědy, biologie, štíři, systematická zoologie, druhová rozmanitost, cytogenetika, biology, scorpions, animal classification, species diversity, cytogenetics, Evropa, Europe, taxonomie, cytogenetické metody, taxonomy, Euscorpius, 2, and 57/59
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- Předkládaný článek přináší stručný průřez problematiky studia taxonomie štírů rodu Euscorpius. Evropským štírům byla věnována pozornost již od poloviny 18. století. Po bezmála 250 letech zkoumání se tento rod stále nedočkal vyřešení otázky své komplikované taxonomie. Zdá se ovšem, že současné studie kombinující morfologické, genetické a cytogenetické znaky mohou být klíčem pro odhalení skutečné druhové diverzity., This article briefly summarizes the last two and a half centuries of taxonomic research into the European genus of scorpions commonly known as small wood scorpions (Euscorpius). Despite the fact that taxonomists have been focusing on this genus since the mid-18th century, their taxonomy is not yet sufficiently resolved. However, present studies seem to be on the right track, and looking into a combination of morphological, genetic and cytogenetic features may hold the key to revealing the true diversity of the species., and Jana Plíšková.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
88. Dlouhodobé změny společenstev mnohonožek v alpínské zóně Západních Tater
- Creator:
- Karel Tajovský
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- Type:
- article, text, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Biologické vědy, horské ekosystémy, mnohonožky, klimatické změny, bezobratlí, půdní zoologie, mountain ecosystems, Diplopoda, climate changes, invertebrates, soil zoology, Západné Tatry (Polsko a Slovensko : pohoří), Tatry Mountains (Poland and Slovakia), 2, and 57/59
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- Pokles kyselé atmosférické depozice od 90. let minulého století a rovněž postupné oteplování klimatu bylo prokazatelně doloženo i pro horské ekosystémy v nejvyšších slovenských pohořích. Výzkumy epigeické aktivity mnohonožek (Diplopoda) v letech 1992-1993, 1997-1998, 2007-2008 a pokračující sledování v současnosti svědčí o rozmanitosti společenstev těchto půdních bezobratlých včetně přítomnosti řady karpatských endemitů v závislosti na odlišném geologickém podloží (žula a vápenec) a typu vegetace. Pozorovaný ústup chladnomilných endemitů i nárůst podílu eurytopních adaptabilních druhů lze dávat do souvislosti s probíhajícími změnami v chemismu půd i změnami klimatu., The decline of acid deposition since the 1990s, together with subsequent climate warming, was confirmed also for mountain ecosystems in the highest Slovak mountains. The study of epigeic activity of millipedes (Diplopoda) in the periods 1992-93, 1997-98 and 2007-08, and continuing recent research refer to the high diversity of their communities including the presence of Carpathian endemic species on different geological bedrocks (granite and limestone) as well as different vegetation covers. The observed decline of cold tolerant endemics and the increasing portion of eurytopic species may be connected with changes in soil chemistry as well as with climate changes., and Karel Tajovský.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
89. Does inhibition of aldose reductase contribute to the anti-inflammatory action of setipiprant ?
- Creator:
- Ballekova, J., Soltesova-Prnova, M., Magdaléna Májeková, and Stefek, M.
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, astma, záněty, asthma, inflammations, setipiprant, aldose reductase inhibition, androgenic alopecia, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The aim of this study was to investigate aldose reductase inhibitory action of setipiprant as a potential additional mechanism contributing to its anti-inflammatory action. Aldose reductase activity was determined by spectrophotometric measuring of NADPH consumption. Setipiprant was found to inhibit aldose reductase/NADPH-mediated reduction of 4-hydroxynonenal, 4-hydroxynonenal glutathione and prostaglandin H2 substrates, all relevant to the process of inflammation. Molecular modeling simulations into the aldose reductase inhibitor binding site revealed an interaction pattern of setipiprant. Considering multifactorial etiology of inflammatory pathologies, it is suggested that, in addition to the antagonizing prostaglandin D2 receptor, inhibition of aldose reductase may contribute to the reported anti-inflammatory action of setipiprant., J. Ballekova, M. Soltesova-Prnova, M. Majekova, M. Stefek., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
90. Dolní Věstonice - Pavlov
- Creator:
- Svoboda, Jiří
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Věda. Všeobecnosti. Základy vědy a kultury. Vědecká práce, archeologie, archeologické lokality, archaeology, archaeological sites, Dolní Věstonice (Česko), Dolní Věstonice (Czechia), 12, and 00
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- Brněnští archeologové společně s velkým mezinárodním kolektivem analyzují na molekulární úrovni paleogenetický záznam z věstnonických a pavlovských lidských fosilií, jejichž stáří se odhaduje kolem 30 000 let. Zařazují je do kontextu dalších paleolitických nálezů z širšího období mezi 45-14 000 lety, a pokoušejí se tak načrtnout nové dějiny evropského paleolitu. Prakticky současně s články v prestižních časopisech Nature (Fu a kol. 2016) a Current Biology (Posth a kol. 2016) vydalo Nakladatelství Academia knihu Dolní Věstonice-Pavlov. Následující příspěvek je ukázkou z této publikace., Dolní Věstonice and Pavlov represent a complex of large hunters´ settlements of Upper Paleolithic age (about 30 000 years ago) with rich evidence of mammoth hunting, symbolic activities, and burials of early Homo sapiens. Actually, the Academia publishers edited a comprehensive book entitled Dolní Věstonice-Pavlov and published it almost simultaneously with two paleogenetic papers in Nature (Fu et al. 2016) and Current Biology (Posth et al. 2016) journals on paleogenetics of these human fossils., and Jiří Svoboda.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public