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31702. Vědohrání aneb Den dětí na MFF UK očima účastníků: Kdo si hraje, nezlobí ; Vědohraní
- Creator:
- Podávková, Miroslava, Lhotáková, Andrea, and Čamková, Eva
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- fyzika, základní školy, physics, elementary schools, vědohraní, 6, and 53
- Language:
- Czech
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
31703. Vědomé strategie zvládání tinnitu
- Creator:
- Veldová, Karolina and Roman Procházka
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Psychologie, psychologie, tinnitus, stres (fyziologie), psychology, autoplastický obraz onemocnění, coping, illness representations, 17, and 159.9
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- Tinnitus je symptom, který se vyskytuje stále častěji kvůli všudypřítomnému hluku a zvyšujícímu se životnímu tempu. Poslední výzkumy poukazují na to, že v adaptaci na tinnitus a v jeho zpracování hrají ústřední roli psychologické a psychofyziologické mechanismy. Cílem této práce bylo popsat subjektivní prožívání tinnitu a způsoby jeho zvládání. Teoretická část se zabývá faktory a procesy ovlivňujícími patogenezi tinnitu jako je např. stres a habituace, autoplastickým obrazem onemocnění, psychosociálními důsledky tinnitu, zvládacími strategiemi a léčebnými metodami. Pro výzkum byl zvolen kvalitativní přístup. Jedná se o případovou studii skupiny. Celkem 25 pacientů se subjektivním tinnitem se zúčastnilo polostrukturovaného rozhovoru. Výsledky výzkumu popisují pasivní, efektivní a maladaptivní copingové strategie, podporují nálezy o významu vlivu stresu jak na příčinu, tak důsledky tinnitu a význam psychických problémů spojených s tinnitem. Výsledky také naznačují rozdíly v prožívání a zvládání tinnitu mezi muži a ženami. Tyto poznatky poukazují na vážnost psychických problémů spojených s tinnitem a potřebu komplexní léčby pro tyto pacienty., Tinnitus is a symptom, which occurs increasingly nowadays, mostly because of omnipresent noise and accelerating pace of live. The latest studies have shown that tinnitus adaptation and treatment depend especially on psychological and psychophysiological mechanisms. The aim of this study was to describe a subjective experience and ways of coping with tinnitus. Its theoretical part is focused on factors and processes influencing the pathogenesis of tinnitus, such as stress and habituation, illness representations, psychosocial consequences of tinnitus, coping strategies and tinnitus treatment. For the research of this study was chosen qualitative approach, a case study of a group. 25 patients with subjective tinnitus participated in semi-structured interview. The results describe passive, effective and maladaptive coping strategies. They confirm an impact of stress on cause and consequences of tinnitus, and the importance of psychological problems in tinnitus patients. The results also describe differences in illness representations and coping with tinnitus between men and women. These findings highlight the severity of psychological problems associated with tinnitus and the need for comprehensive treatment., Karolina Veldová, Roman Procházka., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
31704. Vědomí a jeho odcizování ve filosofii Jeana-Paula Sartra
- Creator:
- Kiššová, Markéta
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Jean-Paul Sartre, consciousness, alienation, authenticity, and morality
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- In the philosophy of Jean-Paul Sartre, three works stand out for their compass: Being and Nothingness (L’être et le néant, 1941), Critique of Dialectical Reason (Critique de la raison dialectique, 1960) and The Idiot of the Family (L’Idiot de la famille, 1971). While the subtitle of the first work states that it is an “essay on phenomenological ontology,” the second work aims to study the “theory of practical wholes,” and the last work presents the method of existential psychoanalysis in practice. Due to their distinct focuses, these volumes can be presented as three entities independent from one another, differing not only in terms of their topics and terminologies, but also in their methodological procedures. The aim of the article, however, is to show that in spite of the different perspectives from which Sartre views human existence in the individual texts, there still remains a certain continuity between the discussed works. This continuity lies in Sartre’s effort to restore an authentic relationship between consciousness and the world. Sartre in fact never repudiated his initial concept of consciousness as intentionality, however much he later came to regard it as being inadequate. As a result of pressure from historical events and also the influence of Simone de Beauvoir, he shifted from the concept of “consciousness in the situation” to “consciousness in society and in history.” Across the range of his philosophy, he is primarily concerned with restoring the spontaneity of consciousness and prioritizing it over inauthentic attitudes. and Ve filosofii Jeana-Paula Sartra svým rozsahem vynikají tři publikace: Bytí a nicota (L‘Être et le Néant, 1941), Kritika dialektického rozumu (Critique de la raison dialectique, 1960) a Rodinný idiot (L’Idiot de la famille, 1971). Zatímco podtitul prvního díla sděluje, že se jedná o „esej o fenomenologické ontologii“, druhé dílo si klade za cíl studovat „teorie praktických celků“ a poslední práce uvádí v praxi metodu existenciální psychoanalýzy. Tyto svazky se tak vzhledem ke svému odlišnému zaměření mohou prezentovat jako tři na sobě nezávislé celky, lišící se nejenom tématem a terminologií, ale i metodologickým postupem. Cílem článku je však ukázat, že navzdory odlišným perspektivám, ze kterých Sartre v jednotlivých textech pohlíží na lidskou existenci, jistá souvislost mezi uvedenými díly přece jen existuje. Tato souvislost spočívá v Sartrově snaze o obnovení autentického vztahu mezi vědomím a světem. Sartre totiž nikdy nepopřel svůj prvotní koncept vědomí jako intencionality, jakkoli ho postupem času začal považovat za nedostačující. Pod tlakem historických událostí a také pod vlivem Simone de Beauvoir se proto přesunul z konceptu „vědomí v situaci“ k „vědomí ve společnosti a v dějinách“. Napříč jeho filosofií mu jde především o navrácení spontaneity vědomí a její upřednostnění před neautentickými postoji.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
31705. Vědy o Zemi společně bojují za sebeurčení
- Creator:
- Štědrá, Veronika
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- vědy o Zemi, geoinformatika, udržitelný rozvoj, Earth science, geoinformatics, sustainable development, 6, and 53
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- Činorodý zemědělec, který se denně pohybuje na poli a v lese, přesně ví, jaké druhy kamení se válejí v okolí jeho domku. Zkušenost generací mu napověděla, z čeho je vhodné stavět zídku, z čeho základ domu, jaká hlína byla dobrá na vymazání trámů na povalu nebo kachlů v kamnech a z čeho se pálily cihly a vápno. V lomu za vsí, odkud pochází kámen na podezdívku a který byl zatopen vodou po průvalu, se jako dítě koupal. Současné městské prostředí, které koncentruje stále větší počet obyvatel, takovou přímou zkušenost se skalami, kameny a půdou odepřelo již několikáté generaci lidí, která vnímá umělé prostředí s dominanntním asfaltem a betonem. Ojediněle použitý přírodní dekorační kámen ve formě plastiky či obkladu na zdi je už dovezený, nemá svůj přirozený tvar a postrádá kontinuitu svého geologického okolí in situ, tedy na místě svého vzniku. and Veronika Štědrá.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
31706. Vegetabilia in Hercyniae subterraneis collecta iconibus descriptionibus et observationibus illustrata
- Creator:
- Hoffmann, Georg Franz
- Publisher:
- impensis J. F. Frauenholz
- Format:
- print, text, regular print, bez média, svazek, and 34 stran, XVIII barevných listů ; 46 1/2 cm.
- Type:
- model:monograph and TEXT
- Subject:
- Botanika, Tisky (19. století), houby dřevokazné, houby lignolytické, dřevo odumřelé, rozklad, 582.282/.284, 2, 12, 58, 094.5, and UB02
- Language:
- Latin
- Description:
- Auctore Georg. Francisc. Hoffmann ...
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
31707. Vegetable oils used as vitamin E vehicle affect the electrical activity of rat heart
- Creator:
- Ozdemir, S., Ayaz, M., Tuncer, T., Ugur, M., and Turan, B.
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, vitamin E, fyziologie, physiology, action potential, corn oil, penaut oil, hazelnut oil, papillary muscle, atrial muscle, repolarization, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The aim of this study is to define the possible effects of vegetable oils used as vitamin E vehicle on the electrical activity of the rat heart. To test the possible effects of vitamin E vehicles we studied the effect of i.p. injected corn oil, hazelnut oil or peanut oil on the action potential parameters recorded in both papillary and left atrial muscle strips. Four experimental groups were used. The control group was injected (i.p.) with distilled water, while the three remaining groups received injections of corn oil, hazelnut oil, or peanut oil for five weeks (in a dose of 0.4 ml/kg/day - minimum amount of oil in which vitamin E could be dissolved). We used borosilicated (15-20 MΩ) capillary electrodes and intracellular action potentials (AP) were recorded in isolated papillary and left atrium muscle strips. While administration of three different types of vegetable oil had no significant effect on AP parameters of papillary muscle, they significantly prolonged the repolarization phase of AP in atrial strips. These results show that vegetable oils used as vitamin E vehicles may alter the electrical activity of the heart in a tissue-dependent manner. The present data indicate that the possible effect of vegetable oil vehicles should be kept in mind while evaluating the possible effects of in vivo vitamin E administration., S. Ozdemir, M. Ayaz, T. Tuncer, M. Ugur, B. Turan., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
31708. Vegetative growth and photosynthesis in coffee plants under different watering and fertilization managements in Yunnan, SW China
- Creator:
- Cai, C.-T., Cai, Z.-Q., Yao, T.-Q., and Qi, X.
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- chlorophyll fluorescence kinetics, Coffea arabica, drip irrigation, gas exchange parameters, mulching, photochemical efficiency, relative growth rate, and stomatal conductance
- Language:
- Multiple languages
- Description:
- In a field experiment Coffea arabica L. was subjected to various moisture and fertilizer regimes in Simao, Yunan, SW China. The experimental treatments consisted of eight factorial combinations of two fertilization levels (high and low) and four watering treatments applied in the dry season: application of dry rice straw mulch, drip irrigation, mulching plus drip irrigation on the soil surface, and control (no mulching or irrigation). The growth of the coffee plants was monitored throughout the course of a full year. Two clear growth peaks were detected (one at the beginning and one in the middle of the wet season) in plants subjected to all treatments, and the growth rhythm of coffee plants was not regulated by extrinsic abiotic factors. High fertilization resulted in a significantly higher relative growth rates for both height and length of the branches during the growth peaks than the low fertilization treatment. In the dry season, increasing the soil moisture contents by irrigation and/or mulching enhanced the plants' gas exchange, but the soil water status had no significant effects on the internal fluorescence parameters of photosystem 2. More fertilized plants had a greater ability to acclimate to high-irradiance environments than the lightly fertilized plants, showing significant lower diurnal photoinhibition, associated with higher energy utilization through photochemistry and energy dissipation through the xanthophyll cycle. Hence the wet season is the optimum period for photosynthetic carbon fixation and vegetative growth of coffee plants. Higher than routinely applied levels of fertilization are required to optimize the coffee plants' photosynthetic acclimation and growth in the studied environment. Both soil moisture conserving practices tested, mulching and drip irrigation, had significant effects on the growth and photosynthesis of the coffee plants, but the former was more practical than the latter. and C.-T. Cai ... [et al.].
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
31709. Vegetative growth, compatible solute accumulation, ion partitioning and chlorophyll fluorescence of ‘Malas-e-Saveh’ and ‘Shishe-Kab’ pomegranates in response to salinity stress
- Creator:
- Khayyat, M., Tehranifar, A., Davarynejad, G. H., and Sayyari-Zahan, M. H.
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- fotosyntéza, chloridy, fluorescence, chlorid sodný, draslík, sodík, photosynthesis, chlorides, sodium chloride, potassium, sodium, chloride, growth, NaCl, proline, total carbohydrates, 2, and 581
- Language:
- Multiple languages
- Description:
- The present research was conducted to assess physiological responses of ‘Malas-e-Saveh’ (Malas) and ‘Shishe-Kab’ (Shishe) pomegranates to water of different salt content and electrical conductivity (1.05, 4.61, and 7.46 dS m-1). Both cultivars showed a reduced trunk length due to salinity. Relative water content and stomatal conductivity of both cultivars were significantly reduced under salt stress, but ion leakage increased. In both cultivars, total chlorophyll (Chl) and carbohydrates decreased with rise in salinity, while proline accumulation increased. With salinity increment, the Chl fluorescence parameters (maximum photochemical efficiency of PSII and effective quantum yield of PSII) declined significantly in both cultivars, with higher reduction observed in Shishe. Generally, more Na+ accumulated in shoots and more Cl- was observed in leaves. Cl- accumulation increased by salinity in leaves of Malas, but it was reduced in Shishe. The K+/Na+ ratio in leaves decreased in both cultivars by salinity increment. Malas was less affected by osmotic effects of NaCl, but it accumulated more Cl- in its leaves. Thus, Malas might be more affected by negative effects of salinity., M. Khayyat, A. Tehranifar, G. H. Davarynejad, M. H. Sayyari-Zahan., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
31710. Vehicles' weight method under operation
- Creator:
- Kadleček, B., Pejsa, L., and Kovanda, J.
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Dynamic weighing of vehicles, telematic system, torque, forward thrust on the wheels, road gradient, and running ressistance
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The article contains an example detailing the application and analysis of the accuracy of the method called continuous dynamic vehicle weighing during travel, using the telematic system. A model was built using the input data obtained through laboratory experiments on a running vehicle. This model was then applied to study the effects of error probability for the measured input data on the resulting expected accuracy of vehicle weight measuring in a normal running regime. Based on this point, hereby presented is a proposal of selected measured variables of great importance, and a proposal for the computation relationship of the used variables. By statistically processing a set of measured data taken during one vehicle travel, it is possible to attain -10.7% extreme relative error of the given method for the dynamic determination of vehicle weight.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public