The aim of our study was to explore the effects of regular aerobic exercise on anthropome tric, biochemical and hormonal parameters and mRNA expression of selected factors involved in metabolic regulations in subcutaneous adipose tissue of patients with obesity. Fifteen obese wome n with arterial hypertension underwent a three-month exercise program consisting of 30 min of aerobic exercise 3 times a we ek. Fifteen healthy lean women with no intervention served as a control group. Obese group underwent anthropometric measurements, blood sampling, subcutaneous adipose tissue (SCAT) biopsy and 24-h blood pressure monitoring at baseline and after three months of exercise, while control group was examined only once. At baseline, obese group had increased SCAT expression of proinflammatory cytokines and adipokines relative to control group. Three months of regular exercise improved anthropometric parameters, decreased CRP, blood glucose and HOMA-IR, while having no significant effect on lipid profile and blood pressure. Gene expressions in SCAT were not affected by physical activity with the exce ption of increased aquaporin-3 mRNA expression. We conclude that three months of regular exercise decrease systemic subc linical inflammation with only minor influence on the blood pressure and the endocrine function of subcutaneous fat., P. Trachta, J. Drápalová, P. Kaválková, V. Toušková, A. Cinkajzlová, Z. Lacinová, M. Matoulek, T. Zelinka, J. Widimský Jr., M. Mráz, M. Haluzík., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Three new genera of eutetrarhynchid trypanorhynch cestodes are described from Mobula spp. (Mobulidae) from the Gulf of California, Mexico. Fellicocestus mobulae gen. et sp. n. from the gall bladder of Mobula japonica (Müller et Henle) is distinguished by elongate bothria, a pars bothrialis equal in length to the pars vaginalis, masses of gland cells in the pars vaginalis and an heteromorphous armature in which hook rows arise from a central file of hooks on the bothrial surface of the tentacle and terminate in a central file on the antibothrial surface. Species of Mobulocestus gen. n. occur in the nephridial system and cloaca of rays and are characterized by two bothria, an heteroacanthous armature with hook rows beginning on the bothrial surface and terminating on the antibothrial surface, and by hooks at the beginnings of rows with an apical cavity. M. nephritidis sp. n. and M. lepidoscolex sp. n., both from the nephridial system of Mobula thurstoni (Lloyd) are differentiated by testis number and by the presence of scale-like microtriches on the tegument of the scolex of M. lepidoscolex. M. mollis sp. n., from the cloaca of Mobula thurstoni is distinguished by testis number (97-111 in M. lepidoscolex, 20-22 in M. nephriticus and 48-70 in M. mollis). Hemionchos gen. n. from the spiral valve of Mobula spp. has two bothria, an heteroacanthous armature, hook rows arising on the bothrial surface and terminating on the antibothrial surface and hooks at the beginning of rows with an apical cavity. It differs from Mobulocestus in having a distinctive basal armature and both hook files 1 and 1' on the bothrial surface, but has an additional, small, satellite hook adjacent to each hook 1'. H. striatus sp. n. from the spiral valve of Mobula thurstoni and M. japonica is differentiated by having a basal armature of closely packed arrays of small, uncinate hooks. H. mobulae sp. n. from the spiral valve of Mobula japonica and M. munkiana Notarbartolo di Sciari, differs in testis number and in having large, flattened hooks in the basal armature. H. maior sp. n., from the spiral valve of M. japonica, is larger, differing in both the number of testes and in the basal armature.
Based on light and scanning electron microscopical studies, three new gonad-infecting species of Philometra Costa, 1845 (Nematoda: Philometridae) are described from marine fishes of the genus Lutjanus Bloch (Perciformes: Lutjanidae) in the northern Gulf of Mexico: P. longispicula sp. n. from the ovary of the northern red snapper L. campechanus (Poey) (type host) and silk snapper L. vivanus (Cuvier); P. latispicula sp. n. from the ovary and rarely testes of the grey snapper L. griseus (Linnaeus); and P. synagridis sp. n. (only males available) from the ovary of the lane snapper Lutjanus synagris (Linnaeus). These species are mainly characterised by the lengths of spicules (378-690 µm, 135-144 µm and 186-219 µm, respectively) and spicule shapes, structure of the distal portion of the gubernaculum and the structure of the male caudal end. These are the first valid, nominal species of gonad-infecting philometrids reported from fishes of the family Lutjanidae in the western Atlantic region.
Three new species of diphyllidean cestodes are described from stingrays of the genus Pastinachus from the Indian and Pacific Oceans. All three new species differ from all but 10 of the 36 valid species of Echinobothrium van Beneden, 1849 in that they bear lateral hooklets arranged in a continuous band across each lateral surface of the rostellum joining the groups of dorsal and ventral apical hooks, rather than arranged in distinct dorsal and ventral groups, on each side of the apical hooks. Echinobothrium nataliae sp. n. ex Pastinachus solocirostris off Borneo differs from other relatives in the following combination of characters: number of spines in each column on the cephalic peduncle, number of lateral hooklets and number of apical hooks. Echinobothrium reginae sp. n. ex Pastinachus cf. sephen off Madagascar differs from all congeners in the following combination of characters: number of hooklets and number of spines on the cephalic peduncle. Echinobothrium vojtai sp. n. from an undescribed species of Pastinachus off Borneo differs from its congeners in the following combination of characters: number of hooklets, number of apical hooks and number of spines in each column on the cephalic peduncle. The hook formula was modified to accommodate species with lateral hooklets arranged in a continuous band as follows: {(LH) AH(A)/AH(B)}, where (LH) is the total number of lateral hooklets in a band. A table of all nominal species of Echinobothrium, showing their taxonomic status, type host and locality, number of peduncle spines in a column and hook formula, is presented. Macrobothridium djeddensis and Macrobothridium sinensis are transferred to Echinobothrium. In addition, Echinobothrium deeghai is considered as a species inquirenda.
The type species (Spiniloculus mavensis Southwell, 1925) of the previously monotypic tetraphyllidean genus Spiniloculus Southwell, 1925 is redescribed from the type material from Moreton Bay, Australia. As a consequence the identity of this species is definitively resolved. Three new species in the genus, all collected from Chiloscyllium punctatum Müller et Henle (brownbanded bambooshark), in Borneo, are described. Spiniloculus calhouni sp. n. conspicuously differs from all three of its congeners in its possession of post-poral testes. Spiniloculus fylerae sp. n. and Spiniloculus paigeae sp. n. differ from their two other congeners in that they are relatively small worms (4-6.5 and 2.2-5 mm in total length, respectively) with fewer than 30 proglottids. They can be distinguished from one another in that, while the vitelline follicles are interrupted at the level of its ovary in S. fylerae, this is not the case in S. paigeae. Furthermore, whereas the cirrus sac of the former species is pyriform, it is elongate-oval in the latter species. This brings the total number of species in the genus to four, and lends support to the suggestion that the original identity of the type host of S. mavensis as Mustelus sp. was in error. This work also extends the range of the genus to include the island of Borneo. A key to the species of Spiniloculus is provided. Morphological data generated here, using both light and scanning electron microscopy, support the suggested close affinities between Spiniloculus and Yorkeria Southwell, 1927, both of which parasitize bamboosharks.
Three new quill mite species of the genus Syringophiloidus Kethley, 1970 (Acari: Syringophilidae) from Slovakia are described and figured: S. bombycillae sp. n. from the waxwing Bombycilla garrulus (L.) (Passeriformes: Bombycillidae), S. schoeniclus sp. n. from the reed bunting Emberiza schoeniclus L. (Passeriformes: Emberizidae) and S. montanus sp. n. from the tree sparrow Passer montanus (L.) (Passeriformes: Ploceidae). A key to all known species of the genus Syringophiloidus is given.
Numerous specimens of Calydiscoides spp. from Lethrinus nebulosus and L. harak, and fewer specimens from L. lentjan, L. ravus and L. obsoletus, collected off New Caledonia, South Pacific, were examined. Three species of Calydiscoides were recognized. Calydiscoides difficilis (Yamaguti, 1953) Young, 1969 was generally the most abundant species on the five hosts. Specimens of C. difficilis were measured and compared to the type specimens (from Indonesia) and museum vouchers (from Australia and the Arabian Gulf). The morphology of the massive male copulatory organ and of haptoral sclerotized parts was similar, but specimens from the same host and from different hosts showed wide morphometric variations; it is concluded that C. difficilis has a high degree of variability, although the possibility of a species complex remains. Calydiscoides duplicostatus (Yamaguti, 1953) Young, 1969 was found on L. nebulosus, L. harak and L. lentjan; specimens were homogeneous in the three hosts and similar to the type specimens. Calydiscoides terpsichore sp. n. is described from L. nebulosus (type host) and L. harak and was uncommon in both fish. The new species, a member of the 'australis group', is characterized by its Y-shaped male copulatory organ, with the left branch bearing a trifurcated secondary branch. Lethrinus nebulosus and L. harak shared the 3 species of Calydiscoides studied here, a fact probably related with their close phylogenetic relationships. Among the 15 species of Lethrinus present in New Caledonia, 11 were examined and 9 species harboured 1-3 species of Calydiscoides each. Only 7 species of Calydiscoides were found, due to their stenoxenous specificity. Each species of Calydiscoides has 1 to 5 hosts.
Three species of Magnibursatus Naidenova, 1969 are described from marine teleosts: M. skrjabini (Vlasenko, 1931), the type species of the genus, from the gobiid Zosterisessor ophiocephalus on the Bulgarian Black Sea coast; M. bartolii sp. n. from the sparid Boops boops off the Atlantic coast of Spain; and M. minutus sp. n. from the gobiid Neogobius eurycephalus on the Bulgarian Black Sea coast. M. bartolii differs from all other Magnibursatus species in its larger sinus-sac (length >250 µm, width >150 µm) and the more posterior location of testes. This species is also unusual in that it occurs in the branchial chamber and on the gills of its host. M. minutus is distinguished by the distinctly smaller dimensions of the body (length <1000 µm, width <200 µm), organs and eggs. These species are also distinguished from both M. caudofilamentosa (Reimer, 1971) and Tyrrhenia blennii Paggi et Orecchia, 1975. A key to the species of Magnibursatus is presented.
Standard Backpropagation Algorithm (BP) usually utilizes two term parameters; Learning Rate α and Momentum Factor β. Despite the general success of this algorithm, there are several drawbacks such as existence of local minima, slow rates of convergence and modification of algorithm requires complex computations. In this study, further analysis of proportional factor γ for 3-Term BP is investigated on various scales of datasets; small, medium and large. Experiments are conducted using three UCI dataset; Balloon, Iris and Cancer. The results show that the 3-Term BP outperforms standard BP for small scale data, but does not work well for medium and large scale dataset.
Patch clamp recordings carried out in the inside-out configuration revealed activity of three kinds of channels: nonselective cation channels, small-conductance K+ channels, and large-conductance anion channels. The nonselective cation channels did not distinguish between Na+ and K+. The unitary conductance of these channels reached 28 pS in a symmetrical concentration of 200 mM NaCl. A lower value of this parameter was recorded for the small-conductance K+ channels and in a 50-fold gradient of K+ (200 mM/4 mM) it reached 8 pS. The high selectivity of these channels to potassium was confirmed by the reversal potential (-97 mV), whose value was close to the equilibrium potential for potassium (-100 mV). One of the features of the large - conductance anion channels was high conductance amounting to 493 pS in a symmetrical concentration of 200 mM NaCl. The channels exhibited three subconductance levels. Moreover, an increase in the open probability of the channels at voltages close to zero was observed. The anion selectivity of the channels was low, because the channels were permeable to both Cl - and gluconate - a large anion. Research on the calcium dependence revealed t hat internal calcium activates nonselective cation channels and small-conductance K+ channels, but not large - conductance anion channels., M. Koselski, A. Olszewska, A. Hordyjewska, T. Małecka-Massalska, K. Trebacz., and Obsahuje bibliografii