The study strives to complexly understand the tools the mining community used to represent itself within the society of Kutná Hora. The miners were not among the wealthy nor those that were exposed in society, although their corporation was well respected and its representations were visible in various contexts of municipal life. The esteem in which the mining community was held balanced the insignificant position of the miners themselves within the entire community. This also created a demand for power that the miners did not hesitate to use beginning at the end of the 15th century. Thanks to its skilful communication and reasoning of its importance, the mining community was able to force its will and influence political decisions.
Meshless methods have become an effective tool for solving problems from engineering practice in last years. They have been successfully applied to problems in solid and fluid mechanics. One of their advantages is that they do not require any explicit mesh in computation. This is the reason why they are useful in the case of large deformations, crack propagations and so on. Reproducing kernel particle method (RKPM) is one of meshless methods. In this contribution we deal with some modifications of the RKPM. The construction of the methods considered is given together with simple examples of their applications to solving boundary value problems.
Reprogramming of non-endocrine pancreatic cells into
insulin-producing cells represents a promising therapeutic approach for the restoration of endogenous insulin production in diabetic patients. In this paper, we report that human organoid cells derived from the pancreatic tissue can be reprogrammed into the insulin-producing cells (IPCs) by the combination of in vitro transcribed modified mRNA encoding transcription factor neurogenin 3 and small molecules modulating the epigenetic state and signalling pathways. Upon the reprogramming, IPCs formed 4.6 ± 1.2 % of the total cells and expressed typical markers (insulin, glucokinase, ABCC8, KCNJ11, SLC2A2, SLC30A8) and transcription factors (PDX1, NEUROD1, MAFA, NKX2.2, NKX6.1, PAX4, PAX6) needed for the proper function of pancreatic β-cells. Additionally, we have revealed a positive effect of ALK5 inhibitor RepSox on the overall reprogramming efficiency. However, the reprogrammed IPCs possessed only a partial insulin-secretory capacity, as they were not able to respond to the changes in the extracellular glucose concentration by increasing insulin secretion. Based on the achieved results we conclude that due to the
incomplete reprogramming, the IPCs have immature character and only partial properties of native human β-cells. and Corresponding author: Tomas Koblas
There are many areas in the steel and metallurgy industry where pure water cannot be used as a coolant. Lubrication and corrosion are the two main factors why spray cooling has to use different cooling liquids. A typical example is cold rolling of steel where emulsions are used or rolling of some non-ferrous metals where pure oils are used. Other metallurgical processes use water polluted by oil or containing mineral salts. The spray cooling efficiency of these coolants is different from the cooln slats. The spray cooling efficiency of these coolants is different from the cooling efficiency of pure water. This paper describes a research comparing the spray cooling by pure water to the cooling using water-base oil emulsions of different concentrations, cooling using oil, and cooling using polluted water. This comparison was done by the measurements of the cooling efficiency characterised by the heat transfer coefficient for identical pressure. and Obsahuje seznam literatury
This paper presents results of the research on tectonic activity of the marginal sudetic fault (MSF). Velocities of points obtained from processing GPS observations in the GEOSUD network and results of national precise leveling networks have been analysed. Results of 1996-2005 GPS measurements and results of measurements of selected points for the 2006-2007 period were taken considered. The velocities calculated by means of the Bernese GPS Software 5.0 were used to test hypothesis on present-day strike-slip movement activity of the marginal sudetic fault. The relationship between the calculated velocities and the length of projection onto the fault’s line was studied. The second part contains analysis of relative vertical velocities of benchmarks, making up the 1st and the 2nd class national precise leveling lines crossing the fault line, to study its vertical activity. Velocities of horizontal and vertical changes of points on both sides of the fault were compared with models described in literature., Jan Kapłon and Stefan Cacoń., and Obsahuje bibliografii
One of vital and challenging tasks is to improve double suction pump performance in conditions when essential changes of their parameters are required without playing with their dimension in case of adapting their capacity to seasonality or flow-rtae change for a long time interval or for pipelines at various stage of their development. In this paper a few design options of flow parts executed for the same casing have been examined:
- Nominal mode: Semi-volute suction chamber, double suction impeller and double volute discharge chamber;
- Suboptimal mode: replaceable impellers and diffusers are used (same suction and discharge chambers)
Numerical analysis results of the flow parts are presented in this article. Double suction pumps with projected diffuser for replaceable rotor with 0.6 Qn flow-rate and with perspective diffusers engineered within ANSYS CFX-12.0. The latter (perspective diffusers) have been analyzed to find final ways to reduce hydraulic losses. Q-H, power consumption and performance curves are also given. Numerical experiment is an effective method for predicting patterns of characteristic curves even for such sophisticated flow parts as double suction pumps with a combined discharge chamber. and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Reshep is a warlike god that rules over diseases. He is the lord of fire and all heat, including that from the sun and that which can burn inside man, that is, fever. There is, however, no evidence of Reshep´s rule in the netherworld. The only argument in favor of this thesis rests on the identification of Reshep with Nergal. Yet this identification springs from their common rule over disease and not from any connection with the netherworld. This seems particularly obvious when ones takes into account that the West Semites were already acquainted with the cut of Nergal in the form of an association with the cult of Erra, the god of heat, drought, and disease.
In this article the author raises several theoretical questions connected to an insuffi ciently researched topic, Czech society in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia (15 March 1939-8/9 May 1945). He considers, on the one hand, possible theoretical starting points, which he sees as residing in the thorough application of sociological approaches to historical research, and, on the other hand, the debates over the terms ''collaboration'' and ''resistance''. The term ''collaboration'' (kolaborace) was imported into the Czech milieu, and is generally used to mean dishonourable work with, or for, the enemy. The author therefore sees the use of this term as being chiefl y in research on public policy, in which the extant sources usually provide enough information to form a reliable picture of the individual actors and their motives. In this respect the author also refers to the views of some Czech historians who have already pointed out that when discussing the behaviour of Czech society in the Protectorate it is extremely diffi cult to set a clear, universally valid boundary between resistance and collaboration. For actual research on Czech society in the Protectorate the author prefers semantically neutral terms, free of moralizing connotations. He sees inspiration in sociology, whose approaches enable the development of a more complex model than the hitherto widely held view of a society that lived in some kind of permanent dilemma between resistance and collaboration. Apart from research on everyday life in the Protectorate - the milieu which the individual actors moved about in - the author recommends exploring also the ''extent of adaptation'' (the way theactors accommodated themselves to the conditions of the new regime) and the ''extent of identifi cation'' (whether the actors identifi ed with the new regime and to what extent they considered it something unchangeable). From a comparison of both factors the author then deduces the actors’ basic attitude to the regime (positive, neutral, potentially hostile, hostile) and their basic modes of behaviour (loyalty, law-breaking, opportunism, resistance). The ''extent of identifi cation'' in particular constitutes the dynamic factor whose value was dependent on a whole range of circumstances. In researching Czech society in the Protectorate one must therefore consider other important topics, for example, the effect of Nazi and Allied propaganda, the responses in Czech society to the news about the course of the war, and, last but not least, fear, an integral part of Protectorate reality. To understand the behaviour of Czech society in the years of the Second World War (and therefore its values and orientation at the time of Liberation), one must in historical research devote suffi cient consideration to the elementary fact that this society found itself in the grip of a totalitarian regime and was consequently not operating on the principle of freedom of choice.
In this paper we study a linear integral equation x(t) = a(t)− ∫ t 0 C(t, s)x(s) ds, its resolvent equation R(t, s) = C(t, s) − ∫ t s C(t, u)R(u, s) du, the variation of parameters formula x(t) = a(t) − ∫ t 0 R(t, s)a(s) ds, and a perturbed equation. The kernel, C(t, s), satisfies classical smoothness and sign conditions assumed in many real-world problems. We study the effects of perturbations of C and also the limit sets of the resolvent. These results lead us to the study of nonlinear perturbations.
For an ordered set W = {w1, w2, . . . , wk} of vertices and a vertex v in a connected graph G, the (metric) representation of v with respect to W is the k-vector r(v|W) = (d(v, w1), d(v, w2), . . . , d(v, wk)), where d(x, y) represents the distance between the vertices x and y. The set W is a resolving set for G if distinct vertices of G have distinct representations with respect to W. A resolving set of minimum cardinality is called a minimum resolving set or a basis and the cardinality of a basis for G is its dimension dim G. A set S of vertices in G is a dominating set for G if every vertex of G that is not in S is adjacent to some vertex of S. The minimum cardinality of a dominating set is the domination number γ(G). A set of vertices of a graph G that is both resolving and dominating is a resolving dominating set. The minimum cardinality of a resolving dominating set is called the resolving domination number γr(G). In this paper, we investigate the relationship among these three parameters.