In case of a traumatological contusion of the elbow joint the bearing surfaces of the proximal end of the radius are damaged or broken off, resulting in their surgical removal. This operation does not make the elbow connection non-functional; however, it results in shortening the antebrachial bones, causing unpleasant pain in the patient‘s wrist. The medical team of the Traumatological Hospital in Brno has asked us to come up with a partial radio-humeral alloplasty, eliminating such adverse effects.
The presented paper is focused on the stress-strain analysis of the restored tooth. For this problem computational modelling was chosen using the finite element method. The tooth is modelled from dentin and dental enamel with a class II cavity. The size of the dental cavity is considered in three sizes and three shapes. For restoration two types of filling materials were used. A physiological model of the tooth was created as well. Force was prescribed on the occlusal surface of the tooth. The analysis of results shows that from the different filling materials, and their interaction with the dental tissues, amalgam is from a mechanical aspect the best material for the restored tooth in the molar segment. and Obsahuje seznam literatury
The strength and stiffness of the differential cage is very important issue, because it affects the functionality of the other components of powered axles. The problem is that for the stress analysis of the differential cage is not possible to use conventional strength and elasticity approaches, because the differetial cage has very complex geometrical shape and is also loaded by the combination of forces generated by the load engagement of the bevel gear. Therefore numerical simulations are more and more frequently used to solve this complex problem when the main task is creation the computational model that correspond the real state. The present paper deals with designing the computational model of the cage differential drive of the rear powered axle of utility vehicle. This model is then used for the strength structural analysis of the differential cage assembly. Presented computational model takes into account also the load of the differential cage thanks to the preload in strength bolts which join the bevel crown gear and differential cage. and Obsahuje seznam literatury a názvosloví
The role of the striatal adenylyl cyclase (AC) and cholinergic systems in the learning and expression of new forepaw movements (reaching with prolonged pushing on a fixed piston) was studied in male Wistar rats. Motor learning processes, prenatal hypoxia, and cholinergic drugs changed the properties of the AC system in the striatum. After learning, the striatal basal AC activity was decreased compared to untrained control rats. In addition, the AC activity was more decreased in animals with a good ability to learn compared to poor learners (up to 31 % and 51 %, correspondingly; p<0.01). Rats subjected to prenatal hypoxia (13-14th days of embryogenesis) had a lower ability to learn the new movements requiring tactile control and the striatal AC activity in these rats was 1.8 times higher (p<0.001) than controls. In vitro application of the cholinergic agonist carbachol (CARB) 10-5 M (corresponding to ~ 0.3 µg), as well as the antagonist scopolomine (SCOP) 10-5 M (~ 0.3 µg) decreased AC activity in the synaptosomal fraction of the striatum. In vivo injections of CARB (0.3-3 µg/1µl) or SCOP (0.3-3 µg/1µl) into the ventral striatum (nucleus accumbens) modified the newly learned sensorimotor skill. After CARB injections the rats performed slower movements with more prolonged pushing. After SCOP the rats could not retain the learned pushing movement. These in vivo and in vitro data suggest that the cholinergic mediator system of the striatum is involved in learning sensory-controlled forepaw movements as well as the regulation of new motor skills by modulating the AC signal transduction process in the striatum. The data confirmed that modification of the striatal AC system resulted in the modulation of reaching behavior and better expression of the learned reflex., I. A. Zhuravin, N. M. Dubrovskaya, S. A. Plesneva., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Let $X$ be a completely regular Hausdorff space, $C_{b}(X)$ the space of all scalar-valued bounded continuous functions on $X$ with strict topologies. We prove that these are locally convex topological algebras with jointly continuous multiplication. Also we find the necessary and sufficient conditions for these algebras to be locally $m$-convex.
Let $\lbrace \beta (n)\rbrace ^{\infty }_{n=0}$ be a sequence of positive numbers and $1 \le p < \infty $. We consider the space $H^{p}(\beta )$ of all power series $f(z)=\sum ^{\infty }_{n=0}\hat{f}(n)z^{n}$ such that $\sum ^{\infty }_{n=0}|\hat{f}(n)|^{p}\beta (n)^{p} < \infty $. We investigate strict cyclicity of $H^{\infty }_{p}(\beta )$, the weakly closed algebra generated by the operator of multiplication by $z$ acting on $H^{p}(\beta )$, and determine the maximal ideal space, the dual space and the reflexivity of the algebra $H^{\infty }_{p}(\beta )$. We also give a necessary condition for a composition operator to be bounded on $H^{p}(\beta )$ when $H^{\infty }_{p}(\beta )$ is strictly cyclic.
Considering the statistical recognition of multidimensional binary observations we approximato the unknown class-conditioiial probability distributions by multivariate Bernoulli mixtures. We show that both the parameter optimization and the resulting Bayesian decision-making can be realized by a probabilistic neural network having strictly modular properties. In particular, the process of learning based on the EM algorithm can be perfomied by means of a sequential autonomous adaptation of neurons involving only the infomiation from the input synapses and the interior of neurons. In this sense the probabilistic neural network can be designed automatically. The properties of the sequential strictly modular learning procedure are illustrated by mumerical exainples.
Plasma triglyceride (TG) levels represent a significant risk factor of cardiovascular and total mortality. Concentrations of TG in the plasma depend, to a large extent, on the genetic background, and the apolipoprotein A5 (APOA5) gene seems to be one of the most powerful players in the plasma TG metabolism regulation. In total, we analysed three tagging APOA5 (rs964184, rs662799, rs3135506) SNPs in 209 patients with plasma TG levels over 10 mmol/l (HTG) on at least one occasion and in 379 treatment-naïve controls (NTG) with plasma TG values within the normal range. Minor alleles of all three analysed APOA5 polymorphisms significantly (all P < 0.0001) increased the risk of
hypertriglyceridaemia. The most significant association (P < 0.0000001) was observed for the rs964184 polymorphism, where the minor GG homozygotes had the odds ratio (OR, 95% CI) for hypertriglyceridaemia development 21.30 (8.09-56.07, P < 0.000001) in com-arison with the major CC allele homozygotes. Carriers of at least one minor allele at rs3135506 had OR (95% CI) 4.19 (2.75-6.40); (P < 0.000005) for HTG development and similarly, carriers of a minor allele at rs662799 had OR (95% CI) 3.07 (2.00-4.72); (P < 0.0001). The cumulative presence of risk alleles (unweighted gene score) significantly differed between patients with episodes of high TG and controls at P < 0.0000001. There were 73 % of subjects without any of the risk alleles among the controls and 46 % in the patients. In contrast, the controls just included 3 % of subjects with score 3 and more in comparison with 18 % in HTG patients. We conclude that common APOA5 variants are very important genetic determinants of episodic hypertriglyceridaemia in the Czech population with a high potential to be applied in pe-sonalized medicine. and Corresponding author: Michal Vrablík
The directed distance $d(u,v)$ from $u$ to $v$ in a strong digraph $D$ is the length of a shortest $u-v$ path in $D$. The eccentricity $e(v)$ of a vertex $v$ in $D$ is the directed distance from $v$ to a vertex furthest from $v$ in $D$. The center and periphery of a strong digraph are two well known subdigraphs induced by those vertices of minimum and maximum eccentricities, respectively. We introduce the interior and annulus of a digraph which are two induced subdigraphs involving the remaining vertices. Several results concerning the interior and annulus of a digraph are presented.
This paper deals with continuous-time Markov decision processes with the unbounded transition rates under the strong average cost criterion. The state and action spaces are Borel spaces, and the costs are allowed to be unbounded from above and from below. Under mild conditions, we first prove that the finite-horizon optimal value function is a solution to the optimality equation for the case of uncountable state spaces and unbounded transition rates, and that there exists an optimal deterministic Markov policy. Then, using the two average optimality inequalities, we show that the set of all strong average optimal policies coincides with the set of all average optimal policies, and thus obtain the existence of strong average optimal policies. Furthermore, employing the technique of the skeleton chains of controlled continuous-time Markov chains and Chapman-Kolmogorov equation, we give a new set of sufficient conditions imposed on the primitive data of the model for the verification of the uniform exponential ergodicity of continuous-time Markov chains governed by stationary policies. Finally, we illustrate our main results with an example.