In the present paper we consider algebras satisfying both the congruence extension property (briefly the CEP) and the weak congruence intersection property (WCIP for short). We prove that subalgebras of such algebras have these properties. We deduce that a lattice has the CEP and the WCIP if and only if it is a two-element chain. We also show that the class of all congruence modular algebras with the WCIP is closed under the formation of homomorphic images.
Agonist-induced subcellular redistribution of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR) and of trimeric guanine-nucleotide binding regulatory proteins (G-proteins) represent mechanisms of desensitization of hormone response, which have been studied in our laboratory since 1989. This review brings a short summary of these results and also presents information about related literature data covering at least small part of research carried out in this area. We have also mentioned sodium plus potassium dependent adenosine triphosp hatase (Na, K-ATPase) and 3H-ouabain binding as useful reference standard of plasma membrane purity in the brain., Z. Drastichová, L. Bouřová, V. Lisý, L. Hejnová, V. Rudajev, J. Stöhr, D. Durchánková, P. Ostašov, J. Teisinger, T. Soukup, J. Novotný, P. Svoboda., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
Kainic acid (KA) is a potent neurotoxic substance valuable in research of temporal lobe epilepsy. We tested how subconvulsive dose of KA influences spontaneous behavior of adult Wistar rats. Animals were treated with 5 mg/kg of KA and tested in Laboras open field test for one hour in order to evaluate various behavioral parameters. Week after the KA treatment animals were tested again in Laboras open field test. Finally, rat’s brains were sliced and stained with Fluoro-Jade B to detect possible neuronal degeneration. Treatment with KA increased the time spent by locomotion (p<0.01), exploratory rearing (p<0.05) and animals traveled longer distance (p<0.01). These parameters tended to increase thirty minutes after KA administration. Week after the treatment we did not found differences in any measured behavioral parameter. Histology in terms of Fluoro-Jade B staining did not reveal any obvious neuronal damage in hippocampus. These results demonstrate that subconvulsive KA dose changes the behavioral parameters only transiently. Clarification of timing of the KA induced changes may contribute to understand mutual relationship between non-convulsive seizures and behavioral/cognitive consequences., V. Riljak, D. Marešová, J. Pokorný, K. Jandová., and Obsahuje bibliografii
The extension of a lattice ordered group $A$ by a generalized Boolean algebra $B$ will be denoted by $A_B$. In this paper we apply subdirect decompositions of $A_B$ for dealing with a question proposed by Conrad and Darnel. Further, in the case when $A$ is linearly ordered we investigate (i) the completely subdirect decompositions of $A_B$ and those of $B$, and (ii) the values of elements of $A_B$ and the radical $R(A_B)$.
J. Płonka in [12] noted that one could expect that the regularization ${\mathcal R}(K)$ of a variety ${K}$ of unary algebras is a subdirect product of ${K}$ and the variety ${D}$ of all discrete algebras (unary semilattices), but is not the case. The purpose of this note is to show that his expectation is fulfilled for those and only those irregular varieties ${K}$ which are contained in the generalized variety ${TDir}$ of the so-called trap-directable algebras.
In this note we characterize the one-generated subdirectly irreducible MV-algebras and use this characterization to prove that a quasivariety of MV-algebras has the relative congruence extension property if and only if it is a variety.
Sectionally pseudocomplemented semilattices are an extension of relatively pseudocomplemented semilattices—they are meet-semilattices with a greatest element such that every section, i.e., every principal filter, is a pseudocomplemented semilattice. In the paper, we give a simple equational characterization of sectionally pseudocomplemented semilattices and then investigate mainly their congruence kernels which leads to a characterization of subdirectly irreducible sectionally pseudocomplemented semilattices.
In this article, it will be shown that every $\ell $-subgroup of a Specker $\ell $-group has singular elements and that the class of $\ell $-groups that are $\ell $-subgroups of Specker $\ell $-group form a torsion class. Methods of adjoining units and bases to Specker $\ell $-groups are then studied with respect to the generalized Boolean algebra of singular elements, as is the strongly projectable hull of a Specker $\ell $-group.