The article studies the cubic mapping graph $\Gamma (n)$ of $\mathbb {Z}_n[{\rm i}]$, the ring of Gaussian integers modulo $n$. For each positive integer $n>1$, the number of fixed points and the in-degree of the elements $\overline 1$ and $\overline 0$ in $\Gamma (n)$ are found. Moreover, complete characterizations in terms of $n$ are given in which $\Gamma _{2}(n)$ is semiregular, where $\Gamma _{2}(n)$ is induced by all the zero-divisors of $\mathbb {Z}_n[{\rm i}]$.
We study the use of a GPU for the numerical approximation of the curvature dependent flows of graphs - the mean-curvature flow and the Willmore flow. Both problems are often applied in image processing where fast solvers are required. We approximate these problems using the complementary finite volume method combined with the method of lines. We obtain a system of ordinary differential equations which we solve by the Runge-Kutta-Merson solver. It is a robust solver with an automatic choice of the integration time step. We implement this solver on CPU but also on GPU using the CUDA toolkit. We demonstrate that the mean-curvature flow can be successfully approximated in single precision arithmetic with the speed-up almost 17 on the Nvidia GeForce GTX 280 card compared to Intel Core 2 Quad CPU. On the same card, we obtain the speed-up 7 in double precision arithmetic which is necessary for the fourth order problem - the Willmore flow of graphs. Both speed-ups were achieved without affecting the accuracy of the approximation. The article is structured in such way that the reader interested only in the implementation of the Runge-Kutta-Merson solver on the GPU can skip the sections containing the mathematical formulation of the problems.
The view that the goddess Asherah was venerated by a considerable part of the ancient Israelite population up to the time of exile, enjoying the unique status of being Yahweh´s consort, appears to have been gaining ground among a number of students of the ancient Istraelite religion in recent years. They have compiled abundant evidence of various types, all of which is worth careful examination. I am aware that it is unrealistic to attempt to draw out the many complexities of the scholarly arguments, the aim of this short study is to examine the major data and consider it they are sufficient to aqward the goddess this "controversial" role, something which presents a serious challenge to the character of the ancient Israelite religion and has implicaitions for biblical theology.
This was the Opening Address at ''Fateful Eights in Czech History: Historical Anniversaries of 2008 and Their Signifi cance for the Czech Republic Today'', an international conference organized by the Czech Embassy in Washington, held at the George Washington University, Washington, D.C., on 23-24 October 2008. In this essay the author provides a basic overview of twentieth-century Czech history, weighing the gains and losses, the victories and defeats, the ups and downs of the Czechs, the Czech nation, Czech society, on the way from gaining independence in a democratic state to loosing it, and the German occupation, to the renewal of Czechoslovak independence and the destruction of democracy under the Communist regime, to the failed attempt at the reform of that regime, and the victory of the democratic revolution - all marked by the historical milestones of the years 1918, 1938/39, 1945-48, 1968, and 1989 - as well as the author’s refl ections on the long-term changes in the mentality of the country.
The paper presents new rnethodology liow to decompose the higlh dimensional LTI (linear time invariant) systam with both distinct and repeated eigenvalues of the transition matrix into a set of first-order LTI models, which could be combined to achieve approximation of the original dynamics. As a tool, the Sylvester’s theorems are used to design the filter bank and parameters of the firstorder models (transition values). At the end, the practical examples are shown and the next steps of research of the decomposition theory are indicated.
In this paper we study the Denjoy-Riemann and Denjoy-McShane integrals of functions mapping an interval $\left[ a,b\right] $ into a Banach space $X.$ It is shown that a Denjoy-Bochner integrable function on $ \left[ a,b\right] $ is Denjoy-Riemann integrable on $\left[ a,b\right] $, that a Denjoy-Riemann integrable function on $\left[ a,b\right] $ is Denjoy-McShane integrable on $\left[ a,b\right] $ and that a Denjoy-McShane integrable function on $\left[ a,b\right] $ is Denjoy-Pettis integrable on $\left[ a,b\right].$ In addition, it is shown that for spaces that do not contain a copy of $c_{0}$, a measurable Denjoy-McShane integrable function on $\left[ a,b\right] $ is McShane integrable on some subinterval of $\left[ a,b\right].$ Some examples of functions that are integrable in one sense but not another are included.
The current work describes two new species of Gyrodactylus von Nordmann, 1832 collected from pipefish Syngnathus scovelli (Evermann et Kendall) and Syngnathus typhle L. during two separate gyrodactylosis episodes on fish held in a public aquarium located in northern Italy. The gyrodactylids collected from the skin, fins and gills of pipefish were subjected to a morphological analysis of the attachment hooks and the morphometric data were compared to the four species of Gyrodactylus previously described from syngnathid hosts, namely G. eyipayipi Vaughan, Christison, Hansen et Shinn, 2010, G. pisculentus Williams, Kritsky, Dunnigan, Lash et Klein, 2008, G. shorti Holliman, 1963 and G. syngnathi Appleby, 1996. Principal components analysis (PCA) of the morphological data indicated six clusters; two discrete groups among the specimens taken from the pipefish held in the Italian aquarium and four further groups representing G. eyipayipi, G. pisculentus, G. shorti and G. syngnathi. Molecular sequences of the ribosomal internal transcribed spacers (ITS1 and ITS2) and the 5.8S gene for the new species considered here were then compared with those available for other species in GenBank. The comparison did not reveal any identical match, supporting the morphological analysis that Gyrodactylus corleonis sp. n. from S. typhle and Gyrodactylus neretum sp. n. from S. scovelli represent distinct species. Both G. corleonis and G. neretum possess robust hamuli, marginal hook blades that curve smoothly from their sickle base to a point beyond the toe and, ventral bars with a broad median portion and a reduced membrane. Gyrodactylus corleonis, however, can be distinguished on the basis of its heart-shaped ventral bar; G. neretum has a 1:2 hamulus point:shaft ratio and a rectangular-shaped ventral bar. A redescription of the haptoral hard parts of the four species previously recorded on pipefish is also presented.
The NKCA and KVCA small-aperture (~ 90 m) seismic arrays in western Bohemia represent the second deployment of this type in the Czech Republic. The arrays have a regular triangular geometric configuration with high gain three-component seismographs in each corner of the triangle. This allows very weak local earthquakes to be detected with a high degree of precision and, thereby, substantially enhances the results of the pre-existing local seismic network (WEBNET). This paper reports on the pilot measurement period. It summarises the final configuration of the arrays and compares the derived results. The measured data have been analysed using the DP/EP system developed by NORSAR. This incorporates several array techniques such as beamforming, f-k analysis, and the cross-correlation method. It has been shown that during the study period, the levels of seismic activity recorded by the seismic arrays were up to fifteen times greater than the levels recorded by the pre-existing seismic network., Jaroslav Štrunc and Milan Brož., and Obsahuje bibliografii
One of four Hoplobatrachus occipitalis (Günther, 1859) frogs received from Niger, West Africa was heavily infected with Lankesterella blood and pre-erythrocytic stages. Infected blood and tissues from this frog were force-fed to the remaining three frogs. Two survived to necropsy on days 14 and 27 post-feeding and were found to be infected with gamogonic and oogonic stages, respectively. The source of infection is inconclusive, as a natural origin cannot be excluded. Microgamont, macrogamont, oocyst and sporozoite structure and fine structure are described and found to conform in general, but not in detail, to previous descriptions. Gamonts and oocysts occurred predominantly in the liver and spleen. Walled sporulating oocysts were situated within macrophage centres. Oocysts yielded a progeny of 32 sporozoites. Pre-erythrocytic sporozoites developed within expanded inclusions, within their host cell, from which they massively invaded the liver and spleen, and to a lesser extent the lungs and kidneys. Sporozoites occurred in a parasitophorous vacuole in the erythrocytes. Conspecificity with Lankesterella dicroglossi Paperna et Ogara, 1996 reported from the same host species in Kenya remains uncertain due to several structural and developmental differences.
The paper traces the establishment and development of dīwān al-awqāf in Egypt in the 19th century. It analyzes two manuscript documents stored in the Egyptian state archive in Cairo. The first one is a regulation of 1837, entitled Lā’ihat tartīb camalīyat al-awqāf bi-l-thughūr wa al-banādir. The second one is Lā’ihat dīwān al-awqāf, which dates back to 1851. The aim of this paper is to present a full edition of both documents and review their content in the context of dīwān’s institutional development. It is demonstrated that the regulation of 1837 is, contrary to earlier assessments, predicative of the dīwān only to a limited extent. Its significance is reassessed within the broad framework of Muhammad cAlī’s waqf policy, which is dealt with at the beginning of the paper. Then the document of 1851 is introduced. It represents, most probably, the very first preserved constitutive document of dīwān alawqāf in 19th century Egypt. The content of the document makes it possible to define the structure of the dīwān and its executive powers. The paper concludes with a survey of the development of dīwān al-awqāf up to 1895, when it evolved into a sophisticated bureau of administration.