In the wake of the national and political conflict in the Middle East, Arab-Jewish culture has undergone a process of marginalization and negligence, as well as a gradual descent into utter oblivion, owing to both Arab-Musim and Hebrew-Jewish-Zionist national and culural systems. Both sides, each with its own form of limited reasoning and particularistic considerations, have refused to accept the legitimacy of Arab-Jewish hybridism highlighting instead "pure" nationally, culturally, and religiously exclusive identities. The article explores the gradual demise of Arab-Jewish cultural hybridism, which, from a historical point of view, coexisted with Arab-Muslim and Arab-Christian hybridisms during some periods. Following a short era in the twentieth century during which Arab-Jewish culture flourished, especially in Egypt and Iraq, we are currently witnessing the demise of that culture. Consequently, Israeli-Arab Jews, or those seen as their offspring, currently have, or will have in the near future, three man cultural options. The first - the revival of active Jewish involvement in Arab canonical culture - is probably impossible. The second option is involvement in popular Israeli culture; this option is characterized by a strong longing for legitimacy - Jewish musicians and singers of Arab origin have accomplished a great deal in this field. The third option is participation in the activities of the canonical Hebrew culture.
This paper investigates the Czech contribution to the world literature over the past two centuries (1820-2020) from a global perspective. It uses computational methods to process and analyse data from the OCLC, Czech Literary Bibliography, and Czech National Library and delivers three case studies demonstrating the potential of computationally analysing Czech literature in translation. It analyses the dynamics of gender representation, target language trends, and the global diversity in terms of clustering authors according to their target language profiles. Among other things, the results identify five clusters of authors with one cluster represented globally, and the other four established in limited target language combinations.
In the course of more than one hundred years of its existence, the sound recording became not only an important tool of ethnomusicological research, but also the factor of influence for the folk music. Forms of this relationship change together with the changes of the technical form of recording and reproduction and also with the changes of the attitude of society to these technologies. Roughly stated, there are three basic forms of relationship of folk music and sound recording. In the initial phase the sound recording - first on wax rolls - had been used for archivation of acoustic manifestations of folk music. Relatively early, however, folk music had been also spread and popularized by this means. This brought about also the influence of sound recording on mutual influencing of specific cultures and regions. The more and more accessible technologies of sound recording causes changes of the processes by which music is being passed down and taught. In the last decades, the sound recording had become also the means of music creation, a fact that manifests itself especially in various genres of contemporary electronic dance music.
Recenzent představuje ediční řadu monografií evropských států „Evropské dějiny ve 20. století“ (Europäische Geschichte im 20. Jahrhundert), kterou v mnichovském nakladatelství C. H. Beck inicioval a řídí odborník na soudobé dějiny Ulrich Herbert a jejíž součástí jsou Borodziejovy dějiny Polska. Podle recenzenta patří k nejinvenčnějším z dosud vydaných svazků řady. Přístup autora, předního polského historika soudobých dějin, k tématu hodnotí jako věcně kritický, z metodologického hlediska kombinující „nové politické dějiny“ se sociálně vnímanými hospodářskými dějinami a aspekty dějin mentalit. Za hlavní přínos pokládá diferencovaný pohled na polské dějiny, zahrnující v sobě pluralitu historických aktérů s jejich rozdílnými záměry a vnímáním reality., The reviewer presents a series of monographs on the history of individual European countries. Called Europäische Geschichte im 20. Jahrhundert (European History in the Twentieth Century), the series was initiated by C. H. Beck, Munich, and is edited by an expert on contemporary history, Ulrich Herbert. The reviewer then considers one of the books in the series, Borodziej’s history of Poland. According to the reviewer, it is among the most inventive of the volumes published so far. Borodziej is a leading Polish scholar of contemporary history, and, according to the reviewer, the approach he takes in the book is factually critical, combining ‘new political history’ with socially perceived economic history and aspects of the history of mentalities. He considers the chief contribution to be its differentiated view of Polish history, comprising a plurality of historical actors with different aims and perceptions of reality., and [autor recenze] Jiří Pešek.
This was the Opening Address at ''Fateful Eights in Czech History: Historical Anniversaries of 2008 and Their Signifi cance for the Czech Republic Today'', an international conference organized by the Czech Embassy in Washington, held at the George Washington University, Washington, D.C., on 23-24 October 2008. In this essay the author provides a basic overview of twentieth-century Czech history, weighing the gains and losses, the victories and defeats, the ups and downs of the Czechs, the Czech nation, Czech society, on the way from gaining independence in a democratic state to loosing it, and the German occupation, to the renewal of Czechoslovak independence and the destruction of democracy under the Communist regime, to the failed attempt at the reform of that regime, and the victory of the democratic revolution - all marked by the historical milestones of the years 1918, 1938/39, 1945-48, 1968, and 1989 - as well as the author’s refl ections on the long-term changes in the mentality of the country.