The fundamental biochemical processes of 5-methylcytosine (5-mC) synthesis, maintenance, conversion and removal determine the time and spatial pattern of DNA methylation. This has a strong effect on a plethora of physiological aspects of cellular metabolism. While the presence of 5-mC within the promoter region can silence gene expression, its derivative - 5-hydroxymethylcytosine exerts an opposite effect. Dysregulations in the metabolism of 5-mC lead to an altered DNA methylation pattern which is linked with a disrupted epigenome, and are considered to play a significant part in the etiology of several human diseases. A summary of recent knowledge about the molecular processes participating in DNA methylation pattern shaping is provided here., R. Murín, M. Abdalla, N. Murínová, J. Hatok, D. Dobrota., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Each of the Diophantine equations $A^4 \pm nB^3 = C^2$ has an infinite number of integral solutions $(A, B, C)$ for any positive integer $n$. In this paper, we will show how the method of infinite ascent could be applied to generate these solutions. We will investigate the conditions when $A$, $B$ and $C$ are pair-wise co-prime. As a side result of this investigation, we will show a method of generating an infinite number of co-prime integral solutions $(A, B, C)$ of the Diophantine equation $aA^3 + cB^3 = C^2$ for any co-prime integer pair $(a,c)$.
In this paper we develop the monotone method in the presence of upper and lower solutions for the $2$nd order Lidstone boundary value problem \[ u^{(2n)}(t)=f(t,u(t),u^{\prime \prime }(t),\dots ,u^{(2(n-1))}(t)),\quad 0<t<1, u^{(2i)}(0)=u^{(2i)}(1)=0,\quad 0\le i\le n-1, \] where $f\:[0,1]\times \mathbb{R}^{n}\rightarrow \mathbb{R}$ is continuous. We obtain sufficient conditions on $f$ to guarantee the existence of solutions between a lower solution and an upper solution for the higher order boundary value problem.
The spatial distribution and coexistence of monogenean dactylogyrids was assessed on the gills of 63 specimens of wild spotted rose snapper, Lutjanus guttatus (Steindachner), caught in the Mazatlan Bay, Sinaloa, Mexico. Five species are reported: Euryhaliotrema perezponcei García-Vargas, Fajer-Ávila et Lamothe-Argumedo, 2008, Euryhaliotrematoides sp., Haliotrematoides spinatus Kritsky et Mendoza-Franco, 2009, H. plectridium Kritsky et Mendoza-Franco, 2009, and H. guttati García-Vargas, Fajer-Ávila et Lamothe-Argumedo, 2008. All except E. perezponcei and H. guttati represent new geographical records for the Pacific coast. The most prevalent dactylogyrid species was E. perezponcei (100%), H. plectridium and H. spinatus had >80% prevalence, and H. guttati and Euryhaliotrematoides sp. had the lowest prevalence. The mean abundance of H. plectridium and E. perezponcei was close to 60 parasites/fish, whereas Euryhaliotrematoides sp. and H. guttati had the lowest abundance. The dactylogyrid species exhibited a tendency for attachment to gill arch 2: 25% attachment occurring on gill arch 1, 30% on 2, 27% on 3 and 18% on 4, and showed a significant preference for the central sector of the gill (42%). Haliotrematoides plectridium had a preference for attachment to gill arches 2 and 3 and the central sector. Haliotrematoides spinatus tended to settle on the gill arches 2 and 3 and had a preference for the central sector. Euryhaliotrema perezponcei tended to settle on the gill arches 1 and 2 and the anterior gill sector. Euryhaliotrematoides sp. and H. guttati did not show a preference for any gill arch or sector. The intraspecific aggregation was stronger than the interspecific aggregation, indicating that all the dactylogyrid species on spotted rose snapper were aggregated, and there was no evidence of competition among the species.
Recent studies have demonstrated that some microRNAs (miRNAs) inhibit bone formation by inhibiting the translation of specific genes. Several in vitro studies have suggested that miR - 23a inhibits osteogenic differentiation by suppressing the translation of Runx2, a transcription factor essential for osteoblastogenesis, and of Sa tb2, a member of the special AT-rich binding protein family. In the pr esent study, we used a gain -of-function approach to determine the roles of miR -23a in bone formation and homeostasis in vivo . The miR -23a transgenic (Tg) mice grew normally and their body size and weight were similar to those of wild -type (WT) littermates. Bone structure and morphology were similar in Tg and WT mice. Furthermore, the numbers of osteoblasts and osteoclasts, as well as their activities in bone were similar between Tg and WT mice. Our results indicate that miR -23 has limited roles in bone form ation and maintenance in vivo in mice., J. Park, S. Wada, T. Ushida, T. Akimoto., and Obsahuje bibliografii
A mineralogical study of the weathering crusts rich in P and Mn from the locality Hodušín - Božetice at Milevsko is presented. The locality belongs to the central part of the variegated group of Sušice and Votice in the Moldanubian Unit. From the analytical methods used, the IR-spectroscopy yielded satisfactory results. The main crust components subjected to weathering are apatite (of a CarHap B - dahllite type) and Mn-minerals (massive black psilomelane, the needle-aggregates probably comprise a poorly recrystallized psilomelane). Disintegrated rocks consist of a mixture of clay minerals, calcite and relicts of primary minerals (quartz, K-feldspars, albite, pyroxene and rutile). The origin and the source material of these crusts rich in P and Mn can not be unambiguously determined. Apatites without CL-effects indicate that the weathering crusts have originated in a strongly oxidative environment. Well documented neighbouring occurrences of phosphate minerals in the variegated group of Sušice and Votice are associated with graphitic rocks. Optical and quantitative chemical analyses of the rocks suggest that the source of apatite could possible be calc-silicate rocks (erlans) close to the graphitic rocks. Hypothetically, the metaphosphorite layers in the variegated Moldanubian Unit can also be considered a possible source of phosphorus., M. Brož, M. Kovářová, Z. Losos, M. Linhartová and V. Vávra., and Obsahuje bibliografii
This paper is aimed at differences in designs of spiral case and impeller of mixed flow pump with regard to suppression of Y-Q characteristic curves instability, pressure pulsations and especially to achieving necessary delivery head. The differences between new and old conception will be explained. The reasons of these differences with regard to flow in pump interior, hydraulic losses, static pressures and velocities will be explained as well.
Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is most frequently caused by LDLR or APOB mutations. Therefore, the aim of our study was to examine the genetic background of Slovak patients suspected of FH. Patients with clinical suspicion of FH (235 unrelated probands and 124 family relatives) were recruited throughout Slovakia during the years 2011-2015. The order of DNA analyses in probands was as follows: 1. APOB mutation p.Arg3527Gln by real-time PCR method, 2. direct sequencing of the LDLR gene 3. MLPA analysis of the LDLR gene. We have identified 14 probands and 2 relatives with an APOB mutation p.Arg3527Gln, and 89 probands and 75 relatives with 54 different LDLR mutations. Nine of LDLR mutations were novel (i.e. p .Asp90Glu, c.314-2A>G, p.Asp136Tyr, p.Ser177Pro, p.Lys225_Glu228delinsCysLys, p.Gly478Glu, p.Gly675Trpfs*42, p.Leu680Pro, p.Thr832Argfs*3). This is the first study on molecular genetics of FH in Slovakia encompassing the analysis of whole LDLR gene. Geneti c etiology of FH was confirmed in 103 probands (43.8 %). Out of them, 86.4 % of probands carried the LDLR gene mutation and remaining 13.6 % probands carried the p.Arg3527Gln APOB mutation., D. Gabčová, B. Vohnout, D. Staníková, M. Hučkova, M. Kadurová, M. Debreová, M. Kozárová, Ľ. Fábryová, Slovak FH Study Group, J. Staník, I. Klimeš, K. Rašlová, D. Gašperiková., and Obsahuje bibliografii
We prove two versions of the Monotone Convergence Theorem for the vector integral of Kurzweil, $\int _R{\mathrm d}\alpha (t) f(t)$, where $R$ is a compact interval of $\mathbb{R}^n$, $\alpha $ and $f$ are functions with values on $L(Z,W)$ and $Z$ respectively, and $Z$ and $W$ are monotone ordered normed spaces. Analogous results can be obtained for the Kurzweil vector integral, $\int _R\alpha (t)\mathrm{d}f(t)$, as well as to unbounded intervals $R$.
This article examines the symbolism of the orange tree (ju, juyou, and also gan in later developments) in Chinese poetry from ancient times through the Tang dynasty. It will trace back its beginnings to Chuci and the Qu Yuan lore. The motif is examined as it appears in late Hun gushi, during its transformations in Six Dynasties "imitations of ancient verses" (nigu), as well as in the court "poems on things" (yongwu). Tang use and the further transformations of the motif are also touched upon, showing its development in the hands of such poets as Zhang Jiuling, Du Mu, and Du Fu. As a result, the flexibility of the symbolic meaning of the orange tree motif, its adaptation for new purposes, and the eventual transformation of the conventionalized motif into a poetic image endowed with unique personal symbolism of the poet are demonstrated.