Early life, education and social contacts of the Czech-born Egyptologist Jaroslav Černý (who identified himself as a citizen of Czechoslovakia in his lifetime) are shown in the context of his family history, social expectations and developing academic practices in Austria-Hungary and early Czechoslovakia. Černý’s family aspired to be considered middle class in terms of social interaction, although they lived in straitened circumstances exacerbated by the economic austerity of the First World War era. Černý himself trained as a Classical scholar and later as an Egyptologist at Prague University, but did not fit the role model combining a teaching career (which offered sustenance) with a university Privatdozent role (which offered participation in the academic community), which was the practice accepted in his teachers’ generation. Instead, he embarked on a career in financial services, alongside pursuit of his academic studies that soon encompassed major European museum collections with Egyptian exhibits and put him in contact with the international Egyptological community. His solution was appreciated by his sponsors, including major political and financier figures of the then Czechoslovakia, as being practical as well as showing single-minded determination. It is also suggested that the skills developed during his years in portfolio work were later applied to his research. Translated by Hana Navrátilová and Paul Sinclair and Překlad redumé: Hana Navrátilová and Paul Sinclair
The study follows the lives of top state administrative representatives in Moravia who were affected by the fall of the Habsburg monarchy and the formation of Czechoslovakia. The new state adopted the state administration and administrative workers of the Habsburg monarchy. The rate of continuity of the administrative staff was relatively high; however, the demise of the monarchy still influenced the lives of many employees in the state administration. German nationals were hit hardest, and were often forced to cede important positions to new Czech office holders. The replacement of the last Moravian governor Karl Heinold by Jan Černý is one example - the tale of the dusk of one top official and the dawn of another. and Článek zahrnuje poznámkový aparát pod čarou
The perception of danger represents a crucial component of everyday life (not only) in the city. The recording of the development of perception of danger in diachronic perspective of the twentieth century, as it reflected in the memory of the female inhabitants of Pilsen, enables to ascertain some changes that reflect the historical development. In its concrete parts, the research focused on the modes of „making“ of the urban space through the perception of danger (mental topography of danger), the perception of danger in general, as wall as the impact of the danger on the everyday life of the inhabitants. The qualitative methodology of the research included the making of mental maps and the half-structured interviews. The informers were nine women of age 80–91 years. For the purpose of presentation of the results of the research that aimed at ascertaining the ways of perceiving danger by the oldest generation of female inhabitants of Pilsen, the twentieth century was divided into several periods that to great degree reflected the political-historical development: the period before the Second World War; the period of the war; after-war period (1945–1960), the 1960s to 1980s and finally the period after the year 1990 up to the present. In the memory of the informers, these periods were characterized partly by differing types of danger (if danger at all) and their varying intensity. The perception of danger (or the absence of danger) was also influenced by the different development of life cycles in cases of concrete women. Besides individual differences, there was crucial influence of the general social development, the development of the city and the technological development, especially the increase of automobile transport and the media of communication.
Karel Domin (1882-1953) byl významný český botanik a vysokoškolský pedagog. Vystudoval a působil na Univerzitě Karlově, byl děkanem Přírodovědecké fakulty a v letech 1933-1934 dokonce univerzitním rektorem, s jeho jménem je spojen boj o insignie. Byl dlouholetým ředitelem Botanického ústavu Univerzity Karlovy. Ve své profesi byl mimořádně aktivní, v letech 1914-1945 byl předsedou České botanické společnosti, o jejíž vznik se zasloužil, publikoval řadu odborných i populárně naučných prací. Věnoval se také politické činnosti, v letech 1935-1939 byl senátorem za Národní sjednocení. Po 2. světové válce byl nařčen z kolaborace a zbaven všech funkcí. Přestože byl Národním soudem veškerých obvinění zbaven, do veřejného života se již nevrátil a roku 1949 byl penzionován., Karel Domin (1882-1953) was the important Czech botanist, politician, professor (a head of the University Botanical Institute), the dean of the Faculty of Science of Charles University in Prague and the chancellor of the University. He was very active both in his professional activities (e. g. he was a chairman of the Czech Botanical Society in 1914-1945), and in public and political activities (e. g. a National Assembly senator 1935-1939, representative of the National Democratic Party). After the World War II he was accused of collaboration and suspended from all his public and professional jobs, functions and offices. (Translated by Hana Barvíková.), and Překlad resumé: Hana Barvíková
Pro šedesátá léta dvacátého století v Československu bylo mimo jiné příznačné postupné uvolňování pravidel v oblasti zahraničních vztahů, a to i vůči zemím tzv. kapitalistického tábora. Okupace Československa vojsky států Varšavské smlouvy v srpnu 1968 znamenala konec tohoto trendu a začátek vlny odchodů československých občanů, mezi nimiž nescházeli ani někteří významní pracovníci Československé akademie věd (ČSAV), do emigrace. Tato edice, která zpřístupňuje dokumenty ilustrující tři konkrétní lidské osudy, se soustředí na události let 1968-1970 a doplňuje problematiku zahraničních vztahů ČSAV v daném období o otázku dlouhodobých zahraničních pobytů zaměstnanců ČSAV jako faktoru, který v souvislosti se srpnovými událostmi a následným vývojem hrál významnou roli při rozhodování akademických pracovníků o odchodu do emigrace. and The gradual relaxation of rules on foreign relations was inter alia characteristic of 1960s Czechoslovakia even in relation to capitalist bloc countries. The occupation of Czechoslovakia by Warsaw Pact state troops in August 1968 marked the end of that trend and the beginning of a wave of departures of Czechoslovak citizens, including some prominent CSAS staff members. This series, which presents documents illustrating three individual stories, focuses on events between 1968 and 1970 and adds the issue of long-term foreign stays of CSAS staff members to the issues surrounding CSAS foreign relations during this period as a factor which in the context of the August 1968 events and subsequent developments played a significant role in the decision-making of academic staff regarding emigation. (Translated by Melvyn Clarke.)
The wedding, or its socio-cultural equivalent, was considered to be the most important social event in all human societies of all time. In traditional European society, everything that related to the creation of a permanent union between a man and a woman in the institution of marriage was endowed with a sacred character and was subject to public scrutiny. The study aims to provide a commented description and to interpret the wedding merriment recorded in the first half of 1990 in Šumice, one of the Czech villages in the Romanian Banat. The first part explains the issue of the ethnic enclave as a subject of ethnological study. It defines the peculiarities of Šumice in the context of the Czech Banat, and it gives an overview of the demographic development of the village. The wedding ritual (veselka) in Šumice is presented from an ethnographic-historical perspective first. The first part of the study was published in the previous, first, issue of Ethnographic Journal 2022.
The wedding, or its socio-cultural equivalent, was considered to be the most important social event in all human societies of all time. In traditional European society, everything that related to the creation of a permanent union between a man and a woman in the institution of marriage was endowed with a sacred character and was subject to public scrutiny. The study aims to provide a commented description and to interpret the wedding merriment recorded in the first half of 1990 in Šumice, one of the Czech villages in the Romanian Banat. The first part explains the issue of the ethnic enclave as a subject of ethnological study. It defines the peculiarities of Šumice in the context of the Czech Banat, and it gives an overview of the demographic development of the village. The wedding ritual (veselka) in Šumice is presented from an ethnographic-historical perspective first. The second part of the study will be published in the next, second, issue of the Ethnographic Journal 2022.