‘Carantanian / Köttlach’ jewellery from southwest Slovakia and from the other parts of the Carpathian Basin. In the Slovak and Hungarian archaeological literature, a small group of early medieval jewellery from southwest Slovakia was labelled as being of ‘Carantanian / Köttlach’ provenance, meaning that it originated from Eastern Alps region (today’s Austria and Slovenia). The goal of the article is a revision of the issue of provenance in the context of analogous finds from Moravia and the Carpathian Basin (i.e. today’s Hungary, western Romania and northeastern Croatia). The provenenace from the Eastern Alps region can be confirmed in the case of several Slovak finds only, the others are of local origin. Also, from the point of view of chronology, we are dealing with a relatively heterogenous group of jewellery, with a date-range from the turn of the 8th-9th centuries to the 11th century. The author tries to demonstrate that the argument in the middle of the 20th century and later about the ‘influences from the Eastern Alps region’ was dependent on the state of archaeological research at that time. It was a viewpoint that over-emphasised the importance of early medieval ‘Köttlach culture’ in Eastern Alps region, especially for the spreading of some jewellery types to other regions of middle and southeastern Europe., Šimon Ungerman., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
The third and final season of excavation on Pod Hradem Cave (Moravian Karst) reached bedrock at a maximum depth of 3.5 metres, although the bedrock in this part of the cave represents a very steeply sloping wall rather than the cave floor. Radiocarbon dates indicate that the basal layers in this part of the cave were deposited during the late Middle Palaeolithic period. The finding of amber and shell in layer 11 represents a curious discovery, but there is a possibility that these objects represent an intrusion from a different archaeological context., Ladislav Nejman, Lukáš Kučera, Petr Škrdla, Lenka Lisá, Šárka Hladilová, Miroslav Králík, Rachel Wood, Miriam Nývltová Fišáková, Duncan Wright, Marjorie E. Sullivan, Philip Hughes., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
1_ Analysis of chipped stone industry from Kopčany and Brehov (Slovakia). The fl ake stone assemblages (and other assemblages) which were discovered during the excavation of two archaeological sites in Eastern Slovakia – Zemplínske Kopčany and Brehov were analysed. Seventeen stone artefacts were found in object No. 24A-D/1974 at Zemplínske Kopčany. Obsidian stone, which is a local raw material, occurs at a higher frequency than imported raw materials – Jurassic fl int “G” and basalt. With the exception of two blanks (cores), the assemblage consists of fi nished tools, most of which were made on blades. Other tools present include two fl ake scrapers and a blunt drill made of Jurassic fl int “G”. One obsidian core is lightly reduced and the second obsidian core has a pyramidal shape. The remainder of the Zemplínske Kopčany assemblage includes ten fi nished products made of local (sedimentary rocks) and imported raw material (amphibolite?). Whetstones are most common and axes are less numerous. The assemblage also includes a wedge, a fragment of an axe-hammer, a globular pestle and conical byproducts from axe-hammer production., 2_ Local raw materials were used at Brehov. The local obsidian dominates and other stone materials are present in small proportions. The typological character of the fl ake industries is also different. Flakes account for 68 % of the artefacts and blades 25 %. Specifi c artefacts are the „łuszcznie“ (“Splitter” in German) though to have been used as chisels or cutting tools. The cores are very small and lightly reduced. One pebble with negative scars and one drill (borer) are also present. Other artefacts include a shaft of a fl at axe made of local hornstone and a fragment of an unfi nished granodiorite axe-hammer with a hole drilled in the middle (possibly originating from the High Tatras?). The analyzed assemblages are compared with assemblages from other Baden Culture sites in Slovakia and in particular to those from the Malopolskie Voivodship. The analyzed artefacts from Zemplínske Kopčany and Brehov correspond to two phases in the development of the Baden Culture. The older phase has stronger affi nities to the Funnel Beaker Culture, and in the case of the Brehov site, to a younger phase, which is parallel with the Pleszow-Zesławice group in the Malopolskie Voivodship., Marián Soják., and Obsahuje seznam literaruty
This arčcicle present analysis of a teat number of palaeobotanic samples from 13 historic plots, archaeologiccally excavated 1983 - 1992 in the town of Brno. On this outstandingly large archaeobtanic material changes of the pectrum of plant remains were reviewed for the high medieval ages (and Postmedieval period). For the first time in the Czech Republic this large number of sampled featrues (mainly cesspits) enabled to conclusively monitor the vaying importance of certain utility plant species during a long time span. Also changes in accompaying weed vegetation, icnicating the origins and agrotechniques of cultivated plants were observed. Spectrum of the local synanthrope vegetation fefelct improving hygienic situation within the inbuilt area of Brno town. Timbre/charcoal analysis consclusively refelcts variable sources of wood/ charcoal for the medieval (Postmedieval) town., Petr Kočár, Romana Kočárová, Emanuel Opravil, Rudolf Procházka., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
The use of metal detecting devices by the general public and the resultant plundering of archaeological sites is still one of the most painful issues in Czech archaeology. No simple or satisfactory solutions have been found. The aim of this paper is to objectively summarise the last 25 years of unrestricted use of metal detectors in the Czech Republic and its impact on the archaeological component of cultural heritage and on archaeology itself. The paper presents a quantitative model of metal detecting activities sourced from the available data. The results are employed to illustrate the effect of metal detecting activities on archaeological knowledge and to outline some related theoretical and methodological questions., Aleš Navrátil., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Linear Band Pottery (LBK), Stroked Pottery (SPC), Moravian Painted Ware (MPWC) cultures developed in Moravia during the Neolithic period. Based on the currently available radiocarbon dates, this period lasted for 1800 years. The LBK lasted for 550 years and the MPWC for 1150 years. There is a 100 year hiatus between these cultures, when Moravia was inhabited by people practicing the SPC. With increasing knowledge and more radiocarbon dates, it has become apparent that the current ideas about the development of the Neolithic need revision due to discrepancies between the traditional scheme and new empirical data. Chronology building on the basis of the 14C method is currently the most accurate dating technique for this period., Martin Kuča, Josef Jan Kovář, Miriam Nývltová Fišáková, Petr Škrdla, Lubomír Prokeš, Miroslav Vaškových, Zdeněk Schenk., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
This investigation closely examines the so-called animal burials from the Late Neolithic period. The Kujawy site (central Poland), occupied by the globular Amphora culture people, is used here as an example. The information we have on the animal burials from this site suggests important differences from other known animal burial sites. One example is the tendency to place animals in pits within the settlement. In this way, the dead (probably killed) and intentionally buried animals became part of the space used by living people. Another important observation concerns preferences in selecting animals for use in different spheres of human activity including ritual., Marzena Szmyt., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Radiocarbon dates and pottery typology from the hilltop settlement of Hlinsko are discussed with respect to the chronology of the Boleráz Group in Moravia. Additionally the results are compared to new Dates from Jevisovice and Brno-Líšeň as well as to the total corpus of Radiocarbon dates connected to Boleraz-fi nds in other regions. The Moravian dates show that the Boleráz Pottery in that region is not used until after 3520 BC, whereas there are older dates in Lower Austria and Hungary, starting about 3650 BC. The end of the Boleráz pottery style in Moravia is harder to detect. The 14C dates from Hlinsko, but also one additional date in Wojnowice in Upper Silesia point towards the presence of a “Post-Boléraz-Group, where Boleráz-, Funnel Beaker and some scant Classical Baden elements are mixed in a local pottery style, contemporary to the different Classical Baden Groups in neighbouring regions. Thus, in the western part of Moravia, the chronological sequence is Boleráz (3520–3350 BC), Post-Boleráz (3350–3100 BC), Jevisovice B (3100–2800 BC). Regarding the pottery typology and Radiocarbon Dating of Hlinsko, the pit inventories discussed do not display a Proto-Boleráz and a subsequent Boleráz Phase, as traditionally labelled, but rather a continuum showing a mixture of Funnel Beaker Pottery with Boleráz Elements to Funnel Beaker with Boleráz and scant Classical Baden infl uences (the latter equalling “Post-Boleráz”), clearly different from the typical Boleráz or Classical Baden Inventories known further south., Martin Furholt., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Large-scale excavations of complete Gravettian living-floors at Dolní Věstonice I were primarily realised between 1924-1952 whereas later fieldwork had rather a character of separate trenches. Here we report the results of last excavation organized at this site in 1990 and 1993. A series of trenches along the western and southern boundary brought additional chronostratigraphic and archaeological evidence concerning the overall situation of the site. In the lower part of the site we detected superimposed charcoal deposits dated by C14 to Early Gravettian but without artefactual context. In the uppermost part we identified the previously excavated units K2 and K3 and we show that these were discrete instalations dated to the Evolved Gravettian (Pavlovian). With the newly acquired data, this paper addresses the questions of general stratigraphy and local microstratigraphies, radiometric chronology, center-periphery relationships (on levels of the whole site and of the individual residential units), and structure of relevant faunal and lithic assemblages., Jiří Svoboda, Martin Novák, Sandra Sázelová, Šárka Hladilová, Petr Škrdla., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Pražský Archeologický ústav AV ČR uskutečnil v listopadu a prosinci 2014 záchranný archeologický výzkum v areálu developerského projektu Letňanské zahrady. Vedle osmi hrobů kultury se šňůrovou keramikou z pozdní doby kamenné (2800-2500 př. n. l.) byly objeveny dva komorové hroby kultury bylanské ze starší doby železné (halštatské) z 8.-6. stol. př. n. l. and Drahomíra Frolíková.