Beside Antonín Švehla, it was - without question - Alois Rašín, who influenced the process of the coup the most. His vision of the coup was not dull, simple or technological; it was a perfectly prepared and managed action, which was also to be enjoyed by its participants. In the centre of Rašín's thoughts were the preparations of the law drafts (also called The Founding Law of the State and above all The First Law), which should have given a legal framework to the new state. A coup that did not get out of hand and which was, once completed, immediately sealed by a law was his ideal but attainable vision. Rašín was probably the only one who tried to prepare such a law. No other proposal is known. All of this attests to his capabilities as statesman and his ability to act. and Článek zahrnuje odkazy pod čarou
Two new yellow rice chlorophyll (Chl) b-less (lack) mutants VG28-1 and VG30-5 differ from the other known Chl b-less mutants with larger amounts of soluble protein and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase small sub-unit and smaller amounts of Chl a. We investigated the altered features of Chl-protein complexes and excitation energy distribution in these two mutants, as compared with wild type (WT) rice cv. Zhonghua 11 by using native mild green gel electrophoresis and SDS-PAGE, and 77 K Chl fluorescence in the presence of Mg2+. WT rice revealed five pigment-protein bands and fourteen polypeptides in thylakoid membranes. Two Chl b-less mutants showed only CPI and CPa pigment bands, and contained no 25 and 26 kDa polypeptides, reduced amounts of the 21 kDa polypeptide, but increased quantities of 32, 33, 56, 66, and 19 kDa polypeptides. The enhanced absorption of CPI and CPa and the higher Chl fluorescence emission ratio of F685/F720 were also observed in these mutants. This suggested that the reduction or loss of the antenna LHC1 and LHC2 was compensated by an increment in core component and the capacity to harvest photon energy of photosystem (PS) 1 and PS2, as well as in the fraction of excitation energy distributed to PS2 in the two mutants. 77 K Chl fluorescence spectra of thylakoid membranes showed that the PS1 fluorescence emission was shifted from 730 nm in WT rice to 720 nm in the mutants. The regulation of Mg2+ to excitation energy distribution between the two photosystems was complicated. 10 mM Mg2+ did not affect noticeably the F685/F730 emission ratio of WT thylakoid membranes, but increased the ratio of F685/F720 in the two mutants due to a reduced emission at 685 nm as compared to that at 720 nm. and Zhu-Fang Lin ... [et al.].
Cotyledonary leaves of Cucumis sativus cv. Poinsette exhibited senescence-induced losses in chlorophyll (Chl) and protein contents within three weeks since germination. Chl and protein concentrations in cotyledonary leaves approached maximum on 6th d after germination and they declined to 50 and 41 %, respectively, by the 20th day of growth. Activities of both photosystem (PS) 2 and PS1 decreased by 33 and 31 %, respectively, on the 20th day, compared to the control 6th day. Changes in sensitivity of PS2 to inhibitors like atrazine and dibromothymoquinone and sensitivity of PS1 to KCN accompanied the changes in PS2 and PS1 activities. Hence both the acceptor side of PS2 and the donor side of PS1 are affected by senescence-induced changes in cucumber cotyledonary leaves. and J. S. S. Prakash, M. A. Baig, Prasanna Mohanty.
Endothelin-1 (ET-1) acts on ETA and ETB receptors and has been implicated in hemorrhagic shock (shock). We determined effect of shock and resuscitation by hypertonic saline (saline) or centhaquin on ETA and ETB receptor expression. Rats were anesthetized, a pressure catheter was placed in the left femoral artery; blood was withdrawn from the right femoral artery to bring mean arterial pressure (MAP) to 35 mm Hg for 30 min, resuscitation was performed and 90 min later sacrificed to collect samples for biochemical estimations. Resuscitation with centhaquin decreased blood lactate and increased MAP. Protein levels of ETA or ETB receptor were unaltered in the brain, heart, lung and liver following shock or resuscitation. In the abdominal aorta, shock produced an increase (140 %) in ETA expression which was attenuated by saline and centhaquin; ETB expression was unaltered following shock but was increased (79 %) by centhaquin. In renal medulla, ETA expression was unaltered following shock, but was decreased (-61 %) by centhaquin; shock produced a decrease (-34 %) in ETB expression which was completely attenuated by centhaquin and not saline. Shock induced changes in ETA and ETB receptors in the aorta and renal medulla are reversed by centhaquin and may be contributing to its efficacy., S. Briyal, R. Gandhakwala, M. Khan, M. S. Lavhale, A. Gulati., and Seznam literatury
Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars Yangmai 9 (water-logging tolerant) and Yumai 34 (water-logging sensitive) were subjected to water-logging (WL) from 7 d after anthesis to determine the responses of photosynthesis and anti-oxidative enzyme activities in flag leaf. At 15 d after treatment (DAT), net photosynthetic rate under WL was only 3.7 and 8.9 µmol(CO2) m-2 s-1 in Yumai 34 and Yangmai 9, respectively, which was much lower than in the control. Ratios of variable to maximum and variable to initial fluorescence, actual photosynthetic efficiency, and photochemical quenching were much lower, while initial fluorescence and non-photochemical quenching were much higher under WL than in control, indicating damage to photosystem 2. WL decreased activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase in both cultivars, and activity of peroxidase (POD) in Yumai 34, while POD activity in Yangmai 9 was mostly increased. The obvious decrease in the amount of post-anthesis accumulated dry matter, which was redistributed to grains, also contributed to the grain yield loss under WL. and W. Tan ... [et al.].
STR/N is an inbred strain of mice which is known to exhibit extreme polydipsia and polyuria. We previously found central administration of angiotensin II enhanced cardiovascular responses in STR/N mice than normal mice, suggesting that STR/N mice might exhibit different cardiovascular responses. Therefore, in this study, we investigated daily mean arterial blood pressure and heart rate, and changes in the baroreceptor-heart rate reflex in conscious STR/N mice and control (ICR) mice. We found that variability in daily mean arterial blood pressure and heart rate was significantly larger in STR/N mice than in ICR mice (p<0.05). There was a stronger response to phenylephrine (PE) in STR/N mice than in ICR mice. For baroreceptor reflex sensitivity, in the rapid response period, the slopes of PE and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) were more negative in STR/N mice than in ICR mice. In the later period, the slopes of PE and SNP were negatively correlated between heart rate and blood pressure in ICR mice, but their slopes were positively correlated in STR/N mice. These results indicated that STR/N mice exhibited the different cardiovascular responses than ICR mice, suggesting that the dysfunction of baroreceptor reflex happened in conscious STR/N mice., C. P. Chu, B. R. Cui, H. Kannan, D. L. Qiu., and Obsahuje bibliografii
The oxidative mechanisms of injury-induced damage of neurons within the spinal cord are not very well understood. We used a model of T8-T9 spinal cord injury (SCI) in the rat to induce neuronal degeneration. In this spinal cord injury model, unilateral avulsion of the spinal cord causes oxidative stress of neurons. We tested the hypothesis that apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease (or redox effector factor-1, APE/Ref-1) regulates this neuronal oxidation mechanism in the spinal cord region caudal to the lesion, and that DNA damage is an early upstream signal. The embryonic neural stem cell therapy significantly decreased DNA- damage levels in both study groups - acutely (followed up to 7 days after SCI), and chronically (followed up to 28 days after SCI) injured animals. Meanwhile, mRNA levels of APE/Ref-1 significantly increased after embryonic neural stem cell therapy in acutely and chronically injured an imals when compared to acute and chronic sham groups. Our da ta has demonstrated that an increase of APE/Ref-1 mRNA levels in the caudal region of spinal cord strongly correlated with DNA damage after traumatic spinal cord injury. We suggest that DNA damage can be observed both in lesional and caudal regions of the acutely and chronically injured groups, but DNA damage is reduced with embryonic neural stem cell therapy., T. Dagci, G. Armagan, S. Konyalioglu, A. Yalcin., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Both brain and peripheral nitric oxide (NO) play a role in the control of blood pressure and circ ulatory homeostasis. Central NO production seems to counteract angiotensin II-induced enhancement of sympathetic tone. The aim of our study was to evaluate NO synthase (NOS) activity and protein expression of its three isoforms - neuronal (nNOS), endothelial NOS (eNOS) and inducible (iNOS) - in two brain regions involved in blood pressure control (diencephalon and brainstem) as well as in the kidney of young adult rats with either genetic (12-week-old SHR) or salt- induced hypertension (8-week-old Dahl rats). We have demonstrated reduced nNOS and iNOS expression in brainstem of both hypertensive models. In SHR this abnormality was accompanied by attenuated NOS activity and was corrected by chronic captopril treatment which prevented the development of genetic hypertension. In salt hypertensive Dahl rats nNOS and iNOS expression was also decrea sed in the diencephalon where neural structures important for salt hypertension development are located. As far as peripheral NOS activity and expression is concerned, renal eNOS expression was considerably reduced in both genetic and salt-induced hypertension. In conclusions, we disclosed similar changes of NO system in the brainstem (but not in the diencephalon) of rats with genetic and salt-induced hypertension. Decreased nNOS ex pression was associated with increased blood pressure due to enhanced sympathetic tone., S. Hojná, J. Kuneš, J. Zicha., and Obsahuje bibliografii