Biometric data are typically used for the purposes of unique identification of a person. However, recent research suggests that biometric data gathered for the purpose of identification can be analysed for extraction of additional information. This augments indicative value of biometric data. This paper illustrates the range of augmented indicative values of the data as well as identifies crucial factors that contribute to increased vulnerability of data subjects., Alžběta Krausová, Hananel Hazan, Ján Matejka., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
The study of natural materials, a creating of their similarities from the point of view of constructions, structures and materials is relatively new and a perspective field connecting results of scientific research of biologists, chemists, physicists, material engineers, constructors and designers. At present day a lot of these results were transferred into the industry application. How we can see natural materials could become a source of inspiration on a field of materials, technologies and constructions as well as on the field of nanotechnologies. and Studium přírodních materiálů, vytváření jejich analogií z hlediska konstrukcí, struktur i materiálů je relativně novým a neobyčejně perspektivním oborem, který dokáže spojovat výsledky bádání biologů, chemiků, fyziků, materiálových inženýrů, konstruktérů a designérů. V současné době řada výsledků těchto výzkumů dosáhla i svých průmyslových aplikací. Jak je postupně zjišťováno, přírodní materiály se nám mohou stát zdrojem inspirace v oblasti materiálů, technologií a konstrukcí stejně tak jako v oblasti nanotechnologií.
Projekt Centra kompetence BIORAF se již třetím rokem zabývá biorafinačními procesy, které se zakládají na chemické, biologické a termické přeměně přírodních materiálů z odpadů rostlinného a živočišného původu ze zemědělské výroby i potravinářského průmyslu či z řas na žádané produkty s vysokou přidanou hodnotou. Projekt se řeší s finanční podporou Technologické agentury ČR za koordinace Ústavu chemických procesů AV ČR a ve spolupráci s Vysokou školou chemicko-technologickou, Botanickým ústavem AV ČR a společnostmi Agra, Rabbit, Briklis a Ecofuel. Viz také První rok Centra BIORAF a Aplikace biorafinací. and Olga Šolcová.
Globally, water deficit is one of the major constraints in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) production due to substantial reduction in photosynthesis. Photorespiration often enhances under stress thereby protecting the photosynthetic apparatus from photoinhibition. Application of bioregulators is an alternative to counter adverse effects of water stress. Thus, in order to analyze the role of bioregulators in protecting the photosynthetic machinery under water stress, we performed an experiment with two contrasting chickpea varieties, i.e., Pusa 362 (Desi type) and Pusa 1108 (Kabuli type). Water deficit stress was imposed at the vegetative stage by withholding water. Just prior to exposure to water stress, plants were pretreated with thiourea (1,000 mg L-1), benzyladenine (40 mg L-1), and thidiazuron (10 mg L-1). Imposed water deficit decreased relative water content (RWC), photosynthetic rate (P N), quantum efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm), and enhanced lipid peroxidation (LPO). However, bioregulator application maintained higher RWC, P N, Fv/Fm, and lowered LPO under water stress. Expression of Rubisco large subunit gene (RbcL) was low under water stress both in the Kabuli and Desi type. However, bioregulators strongly induced its expression. Although poor expression of two important photorespiratory genes, i.e., glycolate oxidase and glycine decarboxylase H subunit, was observed in Desi chickpea under imposed stress, bioregulators in general and cytokinins in particular strongly induced their expression. This depicts that the application of bioregulators protected the photosynthetic machinery by inducing the expression of RbcL and photorespiratory genes during water deficit stress., T. V. Vineeth, P. Kumar, G. K. Krishna., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
The Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic (AS CR) established a new public research institution, the Institute of Biotechnology AS CR, v. v. i. The primary ambition of this new institute is to develop cutting-edge basic and oriented research on topics opening for diagnostic and therapeutic applicatons in human medicine. In particular, the institute was established to serve as a nucleation center of BIOCEV, the joined Biotech & Biomed Research Center of the Academy of Sciences with Charles University, to be built at Vestec near Prague by the year 2012 with the support of the European Regional Development Funds in frame of the Operational Program R&D for Innovation., Peter Šebo, -red-., and Tři otázky pro ředitele připravila -red-
V tomto článku je nastíněn základní úvod do problematiky biotransformace a jejich možných negativních důsledků. V textu jsou popsány tři fáze biotransformace a u každé z nich případ, se kterým se čtenář ve svém životě může setkat. Dále je zde jednoduchým způsobem vysvětlena nomenklatura biotransformačních enzymů a transportérů a článek tak celkově poskytuje základní povědomí o komplexnosti biotransformace., This article outlines a basic introduction to the topic of biotransformation and its possible negative consequences. The text describes three phases of biotransformation and each is presented in an example which the reader may encounter in everyday life. Furthermore, in a simple way, the nomenclature of biotransformation enzymes and transporters is explained and thus the paper provides a basic understanding of the complexity of biotransformation., and Ondřej Ženata.
In the past decades, it has become clear that superoxide radical (O2 .-) can be generated from photosystem II (PSII) during photosynthesis. Depending on the extent of its accumulation, O2 .- plays an important role in plant physiology and pathology. The photoinhibition/repair cycle is a typical process in PSII which is mainly responsible for the survival of plants under the photoinihibition condition. It is therefore of significant importance to determine O2 .- production in this cycle, and then explore how O2 .- is controlled by PSII within a normal physiological level. With this in mind, we herein investigate the variation of the O2 .- levels in PSII under Mn-depleted and photoactivated conditions mimicking the photoinhibition/repair cycle in vitro. The effect of intrinsic SOD-like component on the O2 .- levels was also studied. Results show that PSII has the ability to regulate the O2 .- levels in these two processes by simultaneously modulating the O2 .- generation activity and intrinsic SOD-like activity. This finding could shed new lights on the photoprotective property of PSII against O2 .- and other reactive oxygen species. and Y. G. Song ... [et al.].
To determine the role of postinspiratory inspiratory activity of the diaphragm in the biphasic ventilatory response to hypoxia in unanesthetized rats, we examined diaphragmatic activity at its peak (DI), at the end of expiration (DE), and ventilation in adult unanesthetized rats during poikilocapnic hypoxia (10 % O2) sustained for 20 min. Hypoxia induced an initial increase in ventilation followed by a consistent decline. Tidal volume (VT), frequency of breathing (fR), DI and DE at first increased, then VT and DE decreased, while fR and DI remained enhanced. Phasic activation of the diaphragm (DI - DE) increased significantly at 10, 15 and 20 min of hypoxia. These results indicate that 1) the ventilatory response of unanesthetized rats to sustained hypoxia has a typical biphasic character and 2) the increased end-expiratory activity of the diaphragm limits its phasic inspiratory activation, but this increase cannot explain the secondary decline in tidal volume and ventilation., H. Maxová, M. Vízek., and Obsahuje bibliografii
A total of 22 specimens of whiting Merlangius merlangus (L.) (Teleostei, Gadidae) from the northern Øresund, Denmark were examined for Myxosporea. Zschokkella hildae Auerbach, 1910 (Myxidiidae), Gadimyxa sp. (Parvicapsulidae) and a species of Bipteria occurred in the renal tubules of 9%, 18% and 68% whiting, respectively. Immature spores of the Bipteria species are very similar to spores of Myxoproteus formosus Kovaleva et Gaevskaya, 1979 originally described from the urinary system of whiting from the Celtic Sea. We therefore consider Bipteria sp. from whiting in Denmark conspecific with M. formosus and propose Bipteria formosa (Kovaleva et Gaevskaya, 1979) comb. n. The spore of Bipteria formosa is described in detail and compared with other Bipteria spp. The phylogenetic position of B. formosa, based on partial 18S rDNA sequences, is closest to Leptotheca fugu Tun, Yokoyama, Ogawa et Wakabayashi, 2000 and the Sphaerosporidae.