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3373. Calodium hepaticum (Nematoda: Capillaridae) in a red fox (Vulpes vulpes) in Italy with scanning electron microscopy of the eggs

Creator:
Macchioni, Fabio, Chelucci, Luca, Guardone, Lisa, Mignone, Walter, Prati, Maria Cristina, and Magi, Marta
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
Capillaridae, Calodium hepaticum, egg shell, morphology, and ultrastructure
Language:
English
Description:
Calodium hepaticum (Bancroft, 1893) Moravec, 1982 (syn. Capillaria hepatica) is a cosmopolitan capillariid nematode, infecting mainly rodents and occasionally other mammals, including humans. Reports of C. hepaticum in canids are rare and the present one is, to the best of our knowledge, the first reported case in a red fox (Vulpes vulpes Linnaeus) in Italy. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) examination of the eggs of C. hepaticum allowed a precise description of the egg morphology, which is one of the most relevant specific characteristics of capillariid nematodes. The egg shell showed a fibrous beam-like network which differs from that of the eggs of closely related trichinelloid species. This characteristic can be useful especially in case of spurious infection, when misdiagnosis among different trichinelloids species can occur.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

3374. Camallanus cotti (Nematoda: Camallanidae), an introduced parasite of fishes in New Caledonia

Creator:
Moravec, František and Justine, Jean-Lou
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
parasitic nematode, Camallanus cotti, introduced species, Awaous, Kuhlia, New Caledonia, and South Pacific
Language:
English
Description:
A pathogenic Asian nematode species of Camallanus, C. cotti Fujita, 1927, was found in New Caledonia, South Pacific, for the first time; it was recorded from two native fishes, Awaous guamensis (Valenciennes) (Gobiidae) (prevalence 51%, intensity 1-25) and Kuhlia marginata (Cuvier) (Kuhliidae) (a single specimen found), of the La Foa River, about 100 km north of Nouméa; the latter represents a new host record. Morphological data on C. cotti based on New Caledonian specimens and those previously collected from aquarium-kept Misgurnus anguillicaudatus (Cantor) in Canada have been provided. The SEM examination of C. cotti, applied for the first time in this species, made it possible to study some of its morphological details; first-stage larvae from the female's uterus were found to possess several digit-like processes on the tail tip, not previously reported for any species of the Camallanidae. Camallanus moraveci Petter, Cassone et France, 1974 is considered a junior synonym of C. cotti. A list of hitherto recorded hosts of C. cotti is provided. Camallanus cotti is assumed to be introduced into New Caledonia along with the introduction of the exotic poeciliid fishes, which are known to be among the most common hosts of C. cotti in aquarium cultures worldwide.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

3375. Camille Flammarion (1842-1925): nadšený popularizátor astronomie

Creator:
Jáchim, František
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
fyzika, astronomie, physics, astronomy, 6, and 53
Language:
Czech
Description:
Kdyby nebylo popularizátorů, pak bychom kromě úzké vědecké komunity věděli o vědě, vědcích a smyslu jejich práce velmi málo. Pokud sem tam uniknou mimo jejich společnost nějaké informace o výzkumech a pokusech zdařených i nezdařených, bývají strohé a laikům nesrozumitelné. Tudíž nevědcům je třeba je ozřejmit, jaksi polidštit. A zde nastupují populátoři vědy, lidé vládnoucí mistrnou schopností přenést do veřejnosti - ne úplně laické - to, nač vědci myslí, co tvoří a vůbec, čím se zabývají a jací jsou. Pokud nahlédneme do dějin přírodních věd, zjistíme, že jako první byla popularizována astronomie. Stalo se tak především zásluhou francouzského astronoma Nicolase Camille Flammariona., This contribution describes the life and the work of French astronomer and writer Camille Flammarion. He is well known as a pioneer in science (esp. astronomy) popularization. The introductory part of this article sheds light on Flammarion‘s professional career in the Paris Observatory and in the Bureau of Measures. The central part of the article overviews Flammarion‘s popularization work, including writing books, giving public lectures, editing several journals, and so on. Flammarion‘s views on a calendar reformation are also discussed. The article ends with a list of Flammarion‘s publications, including their Czech editions., František Jáchim., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

3377. Can a single dose of biochar affect selected soil physical and chemical characteristics?

Creator:
Igaz, Dušan, Šimanský, Vladimír, Horák, Ján, Kondrlová , Elena, Domanová, Jana, Rodný, Marek, and Natalya P., Buchkina
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
biochar, soil physical characteristics, soil sorption characteristics, soil organic carbon, and Zea mays
Language:
Slovak
Description:
During the last decade, biochar has captured the attention of agriculturalists worldwide due to its positive effect on the environment. To verify the biochar effects on organic carbon content, soil sorption, and soil physical properties under the mild climate of Central Europe, we established a field experiment. This was carried out on a silty loam Haplic Luvisol at the Malanta experimental site of the Slovak Agricultural University in Nitra with five treatments: Control (biochar 0 t ha–1, nitrogen 0 kg ha–1); B10 (biochar 10 t ha–1, nitrogen 0 kg ha–1); B20 (biochar 20 t ha–1, nitrogen 0 kg ha–1); B10+N (biochar 10 t ha–1, nitrogen 160 kg ha–1) and B20+N (biochar 20 t ha–1, nitrogen 160 kg ha–1). Applied biochar increased total and available soil water content in all fertilized treatments. Based on the results from the spring soil sampling (porosity and water retention curves), we found a statistically significant increase in the soil water content for all fertilized treatments. Furthermore, biochar (with or without N fertilization) significantly decreased hydrolytic acidity and increased total organic carbon. After biochar amendment, the soil sorption complex became fully saturated mainly by the basic cations. Statistically significant linear relationships were observed between the porosity and (A) sum of base cations, (B) cation exchange capacity, (C) base saturation.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

3378. Can a specialist parasite species of a widespread and common host species be rare? The case of Spinitectus inermis (Nematoda: Cystidicolidae) in eels Anguilla anguilla

Creator:
Kennedy, Clive R.
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
Spinitectus inermis, eel, geographical distribution, abundance, overdispersion, and rarity
Language:
English
Description:
The claim by many authors that Spinitectus inermis (Zeder, 1800), a narrowly specific parasite of European eels Anguilla anguilla (L.), is a rare species is considered at three levels: its geographical range, its frequency of occurrence compared to other eel parasites and its relative abundance in component communities. The parasite is widely distributed in freshwater throughout the European range of the eel but its occurrence is erratic and unpredictable, being known from only 8 countries. Surveys of eel parasites in the United Kingdom and in Continental Europe show that it is present in only 13% of British and 29% of continental localities. This satisfies one of the criteria for rarity. When present, its prevalence ranges from 1.8% to 43.3%, so it can be considered rare in some localities but in a few it may be common and on occasion it may be the dominant species in the gastro-intestinal community. Populations of S. inermis are almost always characterised by high levels of overdispersion, even at low prevalence. The species also displays an ability to colonise a locality following introduction there. Overall it meets many of the criteria of a rare species including a restricted distribution and a low frequency of occurrence and so it can be considered to exhibit diffusive rarity.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

3379. Can bioactive compounds of Crocus sativus L. influence the metabolic activity of selected CYP enzymes in the rat?

Creator:
Dovrtělová, G., Nosková, K., Jan Juřica, Turjap, M., and Zendulka, O.
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, fyziologie, metabolismus, physiology, metabolism, crocin, safranal, CYP, rat liver microsomes, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
Safranal and crocin are biologically active compounds isolated from Crocus sativus L., commonly known as saffron. Clinical trials confirm that saffron has antidepressant effect, thus being a potential valuable alternative in the treatment of depression. The aim of the present study was to determine, whether systemic administration of safranal and crocin can influence the metabolic activity of CYP3A, CYP2C11, CYP2B, and CYP2A in rat liver microsomes (RLM). The experiments were carried out on male Wistar albino rats intragastrically administered with safranal (4, 20, and 100 mg/kg/day) or with intraperitoneal injections of crocin (4, 20, and 100 mg/kg/day). Our results demonstrate the ability of safranal and crocin to increase the total protein content and to change the metabolic activity of several CYP enzymes assessed as CYP specific hydroxylations of testosterone in RLM. Crocin significantly decreased the metabolic activity of all selected CYP enzymes, while safranal significantly increased the metabolic activity of CYP2B, CYP2C11 and CYP3A enzymes. Therefore, both substances could increase the risk of interactions with co-administered substances metabolized by cytochrome P450 enzymes., G. Dovrtělová, K. Nosková, J. Juřica, M. Turjap, O. Zendulka., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

3380. Can creativity be reliable?

Creator:
Brandejsky, Tomas
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
reliability and safety of transportation processes, creativity, design theory, and artificial intelligence
Language:
English
Description:
After a brief discussion of Creative reasoning modelling significance for transportation reliability modelling this páper continues by a discussion of-the known applicable techniques of creativity modelling. Because tlie most significant one seems to be analogical and associative reasoning, a unified model of analogical and associative reasoning is presented. Dne to its real-time capabilities, the model enables to model reasoning under the condition of a processing capacity limitation (and concluding the increase of producing mistaking reactions).
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

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