CD200/CD200R are highly conserved type I paired membrane glycoproteins that belong to the Ig superfamily containing a two immunoglobulin‑like domain (V, C). CD200 is broadly distributed in a variety of cell types, whereas CD200R is primarily expressed in myeloid and lymphoid cells. They fulfill multiple functions in regulating inflammation. The interaction between CD200/CD200R results in activation of the intracellular inhibitory pathway with RasGAP recruitment and thus contributes to effector cell inhibition. It was confirmed that the CD200R activation stimulates the differentiation of T cells to the Treg subset, upregulates indoleamine 2,3‑dioxygenase activity, modulates cytokine environment from a Th1 to a Th2 pattern, and facilitates an antiinflammatory IL‑10 and TGF‑β synthesis. CD200/CD200R are required for maintaining self‑tolerance. Many studies have demonstrated the importance of CD200 in controlling autoimmunity, inflammation, the development and spread of cancer, hypersensitivity, and spontaneous fetal loss., Drahomíra Holmannová, Martina Koláčková, Kateřina Kondělková, Pavel Kuneš, Jan Krejsek, Ctirad Andrýs, and Literatura 46
Cíl studie: zhodnocení efektivity cerkláže dle McDonalda ve Fakultní nemocnici Ostrava v období 1/2007 – 3/2014. Typ studie: retrospektivní studie Název a sídlo pracoviště: Porodnicko–gynekologická klinika, Fakultní nemocnice Ostrava Metodika: retrospektivní analýza provedených cerkláží ve Fakultní nemocnici Ostrava a rozbor výsledků takto ošetřených gravidit. Kritériem úspěšnosti byl stanoven porod po ukončeném 34. týdnu gravidity. Závěr: ve sledovaném období bylo indikováno devět cerkláží – 7 terapeutických a 2 záchranné. Výkony byly provedeny mezi 18. a 25. týdnem gravidity. Tři pacientky již měly v minulosti cerkláž provedenu. 57 % takto ošetřených těhotných porodilo po ukončeném 34. týdnu gravidity. Pouze v jednom případě (11,1 %) byla cerkláž neúspěšná a těhotenství skončilo potratem. Průměrná doba mezi provedením cerkláže a porodem činila 69 dnů., Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of cerclage according to McDonald at the University Hospital Ostrava in the period 1/2007 - 3/2014. Design: A retrospective study Obstetrics and Gynecology: Obstetrics - Gynecology, University Hospital Ostrava Methods: A retrospective analysis of cerclage performed at the University Hospital Ostrava and analysis of the results thus treated pregnancies. The criterion for success was determined after childbirth completed 34 weeks of preg - nancy. Conclusion: In the reporting period, nine indicated cerclage - 7 of therapeutic and 2 emergency. The procedures were performed between the 18th and 25th week of pregnancy. Three patients have had in the past cerclage performed. 57% of the treated pregnant women gave birth after 34 completed weeks of gestation. Only in one case (11.1 %) cerclage was unsuccessful and the pregnancy ended in a miscarriage. The average time between performing cerclage and delivery was 69 days., Petr Vašek, Igor Michalec, and Literatura
The subject of work is the development of Czech health care law in the past 20 years in the context of (1) Czechoslovak and Czech social change, (2) the development of international human rights interpretations related to health. The goal is evaluation of the Czech health care law in the individual developmental stages and their compliance with human rights related to health. Running away from the Czech health care law framework of human rights and its substitution by a positive concept of patients‘ rights is accompanied by efforts to reduce human rights protection mechanisms at the Constitutional Court („euroamendment“ of the Czech Constitution in 2001). Major changes in medical law in relation to human rights brings the current changes in health care reform (2011 - Health Reform I and II. Phase)., Petr Háva, Pavla Mašková, Tereza Teršová, and Literatura
The subject of work is the development of Czech health care law in the past 20 years in the context of (1) Czechoslovak and Czech social change, (2) the development of international human rights interpretations related to health. The goal is evaluation of the Czech health care law in the individual developmental stages and their compliance with human rights related to health. Running away from the Czech health care law framework of human rights and its substitution by a positive concept of patients‘ rights is accompanied by efforts to reduce human rights protection mechanisms at the Constitutional Court („euroamendment“ of the Czech Constitution in 2001). Major changes in medical law in relation to human rights brings the current changes in health care reform (2011 - Health Reform I and II. Phase). and Petr Háva, Pavla Mašková, Tereza Teršová
Úkolem diagnostické terminologie v jakékoli morfologické metodě je poskytnutí jednoznačně interpretovatelné informace klinickému specialistovi tak, aby mohl zvolit adekvátní terapeutický postup. Cytologická klasifikace dysplastických změn na děložním hrdle se od původní Papanicolauovy pětistupňové postupně zjednodušila na dvoustupňovou. V histopatologické rovině hodnocení se rychle prosadila fúze kategorií CIN III a CIS, další vývoj je však v porovnání s cytopatologickým hodnocením pomalejší. Navrhovaná dvoustupňová klasifikace histopatologických lézí děložního hrdla nese v sobě potenciál zpřesněné komunikace klinika a patologa ve vyhodnocování cervikálních lézí a jejich následném ošetřování. V porovnání k předchozím je plně převoditelná. Zachovává si ovšem i předchozí omezení ve vyhodnocení základního histopatologického nálezu, zejména závislost na primárně reprezentativním vzorku. Hlubší porozumění procesům karcinogeneze děložního hrdla však rozšiřuje spektrum zpřesňujících prognostických markerů a možnosti individualizovaných léčebných postupů., The function of diagnostic terminology in any morphology method is to provide information to the clinical specialist that is interpreted unequivocally and which enables him to choose the appropriate treatment. The former Papanicolaou five-tiered cytological classification of dysplastic changes on the uterine cervix has been simplified to a two-tiered approach. In the histopathological evaluation, fusion of the categories CIN III and CIS was rather smooth. Further progress toward simplification of the histopathology terminology is proceeding more slowly. The proposed two-tiered classification of the histopathological lesions of the cervix has the potential to create a more precise communication between the clinician and the pathologist in the evaluation and subsequently in the treatment of the cervical lesions. In comparison to the previous classifications, it is fully convertible. It preserves the previous limits in the evaluation of the histopathological finding, mainly the dependence on the primary representativeness of the specimen. Deeper understanding of the cervical cancerogenesis will be achieved with the increasing spectrum of prognostication markers. Thus the tailored treatment of cervical lesion will be enabled., and Jaroslava Dušková
Příspěvek seznamuje čtenáře s hlavními závěry výzkumného projektu, který byl realizován v rámci diplomové práce. Autorka čtenářům představuje základní teoretické modely citové vazby v romantickém vztahu. Kvantitativní výzkum byl realizován na vzorku 258 respondentů z České republiky. Výsledky potvrzují předchozí zahraniční studie, podle kterých jsou jedinci s jistou citovou vazbou spokojenější než jedinci s nejistou citovou vazbou. Faktory citové vazby se ukázaly jako lepší prediktory spokojenosti ve vztahu než věk, pohlaví nebo druh vztahu respondenta (partnerský vztah / manželství)., The article informs the readers about main conclusions of the research, what was realized in pursuance of the thesis. The author acquaints the readers with the main theoretical models of attachment in romantic relationship. Quantitative research was conducted on a sample of 258 respondents from Czech Republic. The results confirm the former foreign researches of attachment, according to which more securely attached individuals are more satisfied in a relationship than those less securely attached. The factors of attachment have proved to be better predictors of relationship satisfaction than age, gender or type of relationship (couple relationship / marriage)., Komárková S., and Literatura
The author reported clinical characteristic features and risk factors for acute intestinal infections in 225 children (140 boys and 85 girls, mean age 1.5 years old). 90 (40%) patients aged up to 12 months, 101 (44.9%) were from 1 to 2 years old, and 34 (15.1%) were more than 2 years old. Most children were hospitalized in the first week of illness and had moderate severe course of disease. Severe forms of illness reliably more often were noted in children being on artificial feeding. Toxicdystrophic condition, severe forms and perinatal encephalopathy were prevailed in boys. Factorial analysis revealed 20 most significant factors with factorization fullness 70.8%. The most significant factors were F1( factor of hyperthermia duration) with 8.5% effect, F2 (factor of pain syndrome) 5.8%, F3 (factor of normal enzymatic activity of colon bacillus) 4.9%, F4 (etiological factor) 4.6%, as well as F5( factor of opportunistic flora of the intestine) 4.4%, respectively., Mukarram Shadjalilova, and Literatura